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    Molecular Packing in Double Gyroid Cubic Phases Revealed via Resonant Soft X-Ray Scattering

    Yu Cao1,2, Mohamed Alaasar3,4, Asritha Nallapaneni2,5, Mirosław Salamończyk2,6, Peter Marinko7, Ewa Gorecka6, Carsten Tschierske4, Feng Liu1,*, Nataša Vaupotič7,8,† et al.

    Chenhui Zhu2,‡

    • 1State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
    • 2Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
    • 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
    • 4Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
    • 5Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
    • 6Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
    • 7Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
    • 8Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

    • *Corresponding author. feng.liu@xjtu.edu.cn
    • †Corresponding author. Natasa.Vaupotic@um.si
    • ‡Corresponding author. chenhuizhu@lbl.gov
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    Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 027801 – Published 8 July, 2020

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.027801

    Abstract

    The bicontinuous double gyroid phase is one of the nature’s most symmetric and complex structures, the electron density map of which was established long ago. By utilizing small-angle x-ray scattering, resonant soft x-ray scattering at the carbon K edge and model-dependent tensor-based scattering theory, we have not only elucidated morphology but also identified molecular packing in the double gyroid phases formed by molecules with different shapes, i.e., rodlike vs taper shaped, thus validating some of the hypothetical packing models and disproving others. The spatial variation of molecular orientation through the channel junctions in the double gyroid phase can be either continuous in the case of anisotropic channels or discontinuous in the case of isotropic channels depending on the molecular structure and shape.

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    Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 027801– Published 8 July, 2020
    • Received 14 March 2020
    • Accepted 11 June 2020
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