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Lattice QCD Calculation of Electroweak Box Contributions to Superallowed Nuclear and Neutron Beta Decays

Peng-Xiang Ma1, Xu Feng1,2,3,*, Mikhail Gorchtein4,5, Lu-Chang Jin6,7,†, Keh-Fei Liu8,9, Chien-Yeah Seng10,11, Bi-Geng Wang8,9, and Zhao-Long Zhang1

  • 1School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
  • 3Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 4Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, J.J. Becher-Weg 45, 55128 Mainz, Germany
  • 5PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
  • 6Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
  • 7RIKEN-BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 510, Upton, New York 11973
  • 8Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
  • 9Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 10Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
  • 11Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA

  • *xu.feng@pku.edu.cn
  • †ljin.luchang@gmail.com
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 191901 – Published 8 May, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.191901

Abstract

We present the first lattice QCD calculation of the universal axial γW-box contribution □γWVA to both superallowed nuclear and neutron beta decays. This contribution emerges as a significant component within the theoretical uncertainties surrounding the extraction of |Vud| from superallowed decays. Our calculation is conducted using two domain wall fermion ensembles at the physical pion mass. To construct the nucleon four-point correlation functions, we employ the random sparsening field technique. Furthermore, we incorporate long-distance contributions to the hadronic function using the infinite-volume reconstruction method. Upon performing the continuum extrapolation, we arrive at □γWVA=3.65(7)lat(1)PT×10−3. Consequently, this yields a slightly higher value of |Vud|=0.973 86(11)exp(9)RC(27)NS, reducing the previous 2.1σ tension with the CKM unitarity to 1.8σ. Additionally, we calculate the vector γW-box contribution to the axial charge gA, denoted as □γWVV, and explore its potential implications.

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Information

Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 191901– Published 8 May, 2024
  • Received 1 September 2023
  • Revised 23 January 2024
  • Accepted 16 April 2024
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