- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Letters

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Saturation of Fishbone Instability by Self-Generated Zonal Flows in Tokamak Plasmas

G. Brochard1,2,*, C. Liu3, X. Wei2, W. Heidbrink2, Z. Lin2,†, N. Gorelenkov3, C. Chrystal4, X. Du4, J. Bao5 et al.

A. R. Polevoi1, M. Schneider1, S. H. Kim1, S. D. Pinches1, P. Liu2, J. H. Nicolau2, and H. Lütjens6

  • 1ITER organisation, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046 13067 St., Paul Lez Durance, France
  • 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
  • 3Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543,USA
  • 4General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
  • 5Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 6CPHT, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France

  • *Corresponding author: guillaume.brochard@iter.org
  • †Corresponding author: zhihongl@uci.edu
PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 075101 – Published 16 February, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.075101

Abstract

Gyrokinetic simulations of the fishbone instability in DIII-D tokamak plasmas find that self-generated zonal flows can dominate the nonlinear saturation by preventing coherent structures from persisting or drifting in the energetic particle phase space when the mode frequency down-chirps. Results from the simulation with zonal flows agree quantitatively, for the first time, with experimental measurements of the fishbone saturation amplitude and energetic particle transport. Moreover, the fishbone-induced zonal flows are likely responsible for the formation of an internal transport barrier that was observed after fishbone bursts in this DIII-D experiment. Finally, gyrokinetic simulations of a related ITER baseline scenario show that the fishbone induces insignificant energetic particle redistribution and may enable high performance scenarios in ITER burning plasma experiments.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (42)

  1. ITER Physics Expert Group on Energe Drive and ITER Physics Basis Editors, Nucl. Fusion 39, 2471 (1999).
  2. K. McGuire et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1925 (1983).
  3. L. Chen, R. B. White, and M. N. Rosenbluth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1122 (1984).
  4. G. Y. Fu, W. Park, H. R. Strauss, J. Breslau, J. Chen, S. Jardin, and L. E. Sugiyama, Phys. Plasmas 13, 052517 (2006).
  5. G. Brochard, R. Dumont, H. Lütjens, X. Garbet, T. Nicolas, and P. Maget, Nucl. Fusion 60, 126019 (2020).
  6. Liu Chen and Fulvio Zonca, Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 015008 (2016).
  7. Z. Lin, T. S. Hahm, W. W. Lee, W. M. Tang, and R. B. White, Science 281, 1835 (1998).
  8. D. A. Spong, B. A. Carreras, and C. L. Hedrick, Phys. Plasmas 1, 1503 (1994).
  9. L. Chen and F. Zonca, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 145002 (2012).
  10. T. S. Hahm and K. H. Burrell, Phys. Plasmas 2, 1648 (1995).
  11. P H Diamond, S-I Itoh, K Itoh, and T S Hahm, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 47, R35 (2005).
  12. P. Liu, X. Wei, Z. Lin, G. Brochard, G.  J. Choi, W.  W. Heidbrink, J.  H. Nicolau, and G.  R. McKee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 185001 (2022).
  13. J. Giacalone and J. R. Jokipii, Astrophys. J. 520, 204 (1999).
  14. W. W. Heidbrink, M. A. Van Zeeland, M. E. Austin, N. A. Crocker, X. D. Du, G. R. McKee, and D. A. Spong, Nucl. Fusion 61, 066031 (2021).
  15. A. R. Polevoi et al., Nucl. Fusion 61, 076008 (2021).
  16. F. Zonca, L. Chen, S. Briguglio, G. Fogaccia, G. Vlad, and X. Wang, New J. Phys. 17, 013052 (2015).
  17. M. Falessi and F. Zonca, Phys. Plasmas 26, 022305 (2019).
  18. W. Ge, Z. X. Wang, F. Wang, Z. Liu, and L. Xu, Nucl. Fusion 63, 016007 (2022).
  19. S. D. Pinches et al., Proceedings of the 28th EPS Conference on Contr. Fusion and Plasma Phys. (Funchal) (2001), Vol. 25A, p. 57, https://www.ipfn.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/cfn/EPS2001/fin/pdf/P1.008.pdf.
  20. S. Günter, A. Gude, J. Hobirk, M. Maraschek, S. Saarelma, S. Schade, and R. C Wolf (ASDEX Upgrade Team), Nucl. Fusion 41, 1283 (2001).
  21. A. R. Field, C. Michael, R. J. Akers, J. Candy, G. Colyer, W. Guttenfelder, Y.-c. Ghim, C. M. Roach, and S. Saarelma, Nucl. Fusion 51, 063006 (2011).
  22. W. Chen, Y. Xu, X. T. Ding, Z. B. Shi, M. Jiang, W. L. Zhong, and X. Q. Ji, Nucl. Fusion 56, 044001 (2016).
  23. X. Gao et al., Phys. Lett. A 382, 1242 (2018).
  24. C. Liu, S. C. Jardin, H. Qin, J. Xiao, N. M. Ferraro, and J. Breslau, Comput. Phys. Commun. 275, 108313 (2022).
  25. G. Brochard, R. Dumont, H. Lütjens, and X. Garbet, Nucl. Fusion 60, 086002 (2020).
  26. L. L. Lao et al., Nucl. Fusion 25, 1611 (1985).
  27. B. A. Grierson et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 74, 101 (2018).
  28. Alexei Pankin, D. McCune, R. Andre, G. Bateman, and A. Kritz, Comput. Phys. Commun. 159, 157 (2004).
  29. D. Moseev and M. Salewski, Phys. Plasmas 26, 020901 (2019).
  30. Z. Lin, and L. Chen, Phys. Plasmas 8, 1447 (2001).
  31. C. Liu et al., J. Plasma Phys. 88, 905880610 (2022).
  32. G. Brochard et al., Nucl. Fusion 62, 036021 (2022).
  33. M. N. Rosenbluth and F. L. Hinton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 724 (1998).
  34. Y. Todo, H. L. Berk, and B. N. Breizman, Nucl. Fusion 52, 094018 (2012).
  35. Z. Qiu, L. Chen, and F. Zonca, Phys. Plasmas 23, 090702 (2016).
  36. L. Chen, Z. Lin, and R. White, Phys. Plasmas 7, 3129 (2000).
  37. S. Cowley, M. Artun, and B. Albright, Phys. Plasmas 3, 1848 (1996).
  38. M. E. Austin and J. Lohr, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 1457 (2003).
  39. Z. Guo, L. Chen, and F. Zonca, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 055002 (2009).
  40. C. Chrystal, K. H. Burrell, B. A. Grierson, S. R. Haskey, R. J. Groebner, D. H. Kaplan, and A. Briesemeister, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 11E512 (2016).
  41. E. Joffrin et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 44, 1739 (2002).
  42. R. C. Wolf, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 45, R1 (2003).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 075101– Published 16 February, 2024
  • Received 17 April 2023
  • Revised 15 September 2023
  • Accepted 9 November 2023
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation