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    Characterizing Temperature and Strain Variations with Qubit Ensembles for Their Robust Coherence Protection

    Guoqing Wang (王国庆)1,2,*,†, Ariel Rebekah Barr3,*, Hao Tang3,*, Mo Chen (陈墨)1,4,5, Changhao Li (李长昊)1,2, Haowei Xu2, Andrew Stasiuk1,2, Ju Li2,3,‡, and Paola Cappellaro1,2,6,§

    • 1Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
    • 2Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
    • 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
    • 4Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
    • 5Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
    • 6Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †gq_wang@mit.edu
    • ‡liju@mit.edu
    • §pcappell@mit.edu
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    Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 043602 – Published 25 July, 2023

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.043602

    Abstract

    Solid-state spin defects, especially nuclear spins with potentially achievable long coherence times, are compelling candidates for quantum memories and sensors. However, their current performances are still limited by dephasing due to variations of their intrinsic quadrupole and hyperfine interactions. We propose an unbalanced echo to overcome this challenge by using a second spin to refocus variations of these interactions while preserving the quantum information stored in the nuclear spin free evolution. The unbalanced echo can be used to probe the temperature and strain distribution in materials. We develop first-principles methods to predict variations of these interactions and reveal their correlation over large temperature and strain ranges. Experiments performed in an ensemble of ∼1010 nuclear spins in diamond demonstrate a 20-fold dephasing time increase, limited by other noise sources. We further numerically show that our method can refocus even stronger noise variations than present in our experiments.

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    Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 043602– Published 25 July, 2023
    • Received 23 August 2022
    • Revised 30 May 2023
    • Accepted 20 June 2023
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