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Measurement of Direct-Photon Cross Section and Double-Helicity Asymmetry at s=510  GeV in p→+p→ Collisions

N. J. Abdulameer14, U. Acharya19, A. Adare11, C. Aidala42, N. N. Ajitanand61,*, Y. Akiba56,57,†, R. Akimoto10, M. Alfred22, N. Apadula27,62 et al. (PHENIX Collaboration)

N. Apadula27,62, Y. Aramaki56, H. Asano34,56, E. T. Atomssa62, T. C. Awes52, B. Azmoun7, V. Babintsev23, M. Bai6, N. S. Bandara40, B. Bannier62, K. N. Barish8, S. Bathe5,57, A. Bazilevsky7, M. Beaumier8, S. Beckman11, R. Belmont11,50, A. Berdnikov59, Y. Berdnikov59, L. Bichon67, D. Black8, B. Blankenship67, J. S. Bok49, V. Borisov59, K. Boyle57, M. L. Brooks37, J. Bryslawskyj5,8, H. Buesching7, V. Bumazhnov23, S. Campbell12,27, V. Canoa Roman62, C.-H. Chen57, M. Chiu7, C. Y. Chi12, I. J. Choi24, J. B. Choi29,*, T. Chujo66, Z. Citron68, M. Connors19, R. Corliss62, Y. Corrales Morales37, M. Csanád15, T. Csörgő41,69, A. Datta48, M. S. Daugherity1, G. David7,62, C. T. Dean37, K. DeBlasio48, K. Dehmelt62, A. Denisov23, A. Deshpande57,62, E. J. Desmond7, L. Ding27, A. Dion62, V. Doomra62, J. H. Do70, A. Drees62, K. A. Drees6, J. M. Durham37, A. Durum23, H. En’yo56, A. Enokizono56,58, R. Esha62, B. Fadem44, W. Fan62, N. Feege62, D. E. Fields48, M. Finger, Jr.9, M. Finger9, D. Firak14,62, D. Fitzgerald42, S. L. Fokin33, J. E. Frantz51, A. Franz7, A. D. Frawley18, P. Gallus13, C. Gal62, P. Garg3,62, H. Ge62, M. Giles62, F. Giordano24, A. Glenn36, Y. Goto56,57, N. Grau2, S. V. Greene67, M. Grosse Perdekamp24, T. Gunji10, H. Guragain19, Y. Gu61, T. Hachiya46,56,57, J. S. Haggerty7, K. I. Hahn16, H. Hamagaki10, J. Hanks62, S. Y. Han16,32, M. Harvey64, S. Hasegawa28, T. K. Hemmick62, X. He19, J. C. Hill27, A. Hodges19,24, R. S. Hollis8, K. Homma21, B. Hong32, T. Hoshino21, J. Huang7,37, Y. Ikeda56, K. Imai28, Y. Imazu56, M. Inaba66, A. Iordanova8, D. Isenhower1, D. Ivanishchev54, B. V. Jacak62, S. J. Jeon45, M. Jezghani19, X. Jiang37, Z. Ji62, B. M. Johnson7,19, E. Joo32, K. S. Joo45, D. Jouan53, D. S. Jumper24, J. H. Kang70, J. S. Kang20, D. Kawall40, A. V. Kazantsev33, J. A. Key48, V. Khachatryan62, A. Khanzadeev54, A. Khatiwada37, K. Kihara66, C. Kim32, D. H. Kim16, D. J. Kim30, E.-J. Kim29, H.-J. Kim70, M. Kim60, T. Kim16, Y. K. Kim20, D. Kincses15, A. Kingan62, E. Kistenev7, J. Klatsky18, D. Kleinjan8, P. Kline62, T. Koblesky11, M. Kofarago15,69, J. Koster57, D. Kotov54,59, L. Kovacs15, B. Kurgyis15, K. Kurita58, M. Kurosawa56,57, Y. Kwon70, J. G. Lajoie27, D. Larionova59, A. Lebedev27, K. B. Lee37, S. H. Lee27,42,62, M. J. Leitch37, M. Leitgab24, N. A. Lewis42, S. H. Lim55,70, M. X. Liu37, X. Li37, D. A. Loomis42, D. Lynch7, S. Lökös15, T. Majoros14, Y. I. Makdisi6, M. Makek68,71, A. Manion62, V. I. Manko33, E. Mannel7, M. McCumber37, P. L. McGaughey37, D. McGlinchey11,37, C. McKinney24, A. Meles49, M. Mendoza8, B. Meredith12, Y. Miake66, A. C. Mignerey39, A. J. Miller1, A. Milov68, D. K. Mishra4, J. T. Mitchell7, M. Mitrankova59, Iu. Mitrankov59, S. Miyasaka56,65, S. Mizuno56,66, M. M. Mondal62, P. Montuenga24, T. Moon32,70, D. P. Morrison7, T. V. Moukhanova33, A. Muhammad43, B. Mulilo32,56,72, T. Murakami34,56, J. Murata56,58, A. Mwai61, S. Nagamiya31,56, J. L. Nagle11, M. I. Nagy15, I. Nakagawa56,57, H. Nakagomi56,66, K. Nakano56,65, C. Nattrass63, S. Nelson17, P. K. Netrakanti4, M. Nihashi21,56, T. Niida66, R. Nouicer7,57, N. Novitzky30,62,66, G. Nukazuka56,57, A. S. Nyanin33, E. O’Brien7, C. A. Ogilvie27, J. Oh55, J. D. Orjuela Koop11, M. Orosz14, J. D. Osborn42,52, A. Oskarsson38, K. Ozawa31,66, R. Pak7, V. Pantuev25, V. Papavassiliou49, J. S. Park60, S. Park43,60,62, L. Patel19, M. Patel27, S. F. Pate49, J.-C. Peng24, W. Peng67, D. V. Perepelitsa7,11,12, G. D. N. Perera49, D. Yu. Peressounko33, C. E. PerezLara62, J. Perry27, R. Petti7,62, C. Pinkenburg7, R. Pinson1, R. P. Pisani7, M. Potekhin7, A. Pun51, M. L. Purschke7, P. V. Radzevich59, J. Rak30, N. Ramasubramanian62, I. Ravinovich68, K. F. Read52,63, D. Reynolds61, V. Riabov47,54, Y. Riabov54,59, D. Richford5, N. Riveli51, D. Roach67, S. D. Rolnick8, M. Rosati27, Z. Rowan5, J. G. Rubin42, J. Runchey27, N. Saito31, T. Sakaguchi7, H. Sako28, V. Samsonov47,54, M. Sarsour19, S. Sato28, S. Sawada31, B. Schaefer67, B. K. Schmoll63, K. Sedgwick8, J. Seele57, R. Seidl56,57, A. Sen27,63, R. Seto8, P. Sett4, A. Sexton39, D. Sharma62, I. Shein23, M. Shibata46, T.-A. Shibata56,65, K. Shigaki21, M. Shimomura27,46, Z. Shi37, P. Shukla4, A. Sickles7,24, C. L. Silva37, D. Silvermyr38,52, B. K. Singh3, C. P. Singh3,*, V. Singh3, M. Slunečka9, K. L. Smith18, R. A. Soltz36, W. E. Sondheim37, S. P. Sorensen63, I. V. Sourikova7, P. W. Stankus52, M. Stepanov40,*, S. P. Stoll7, T. Sugitate21, A. Sukhanov7, T. Sumita56, J. Sun62, Z. Sun14, J. Sziklai69, R. Takahama46, A. Takahara10, A. Taketani56,57, K. Tanida28,57,60, M. J. Tannenbaum7, S. Tarafdar67,68, A. Taranenko47,61, A. Timilsina27, T. Todoroki56,57,66, M. Tomášek13, H. Torii10, M. Towell1, R. Towell1, R. S. Towell1, I. Tserruya68, Y. Ueda21, B. Ujvari14, H. W. van Hecke37, M. Vargyas15,69, J. Velkovska67, M. Virius13, V. Vrba13,26, E. Vznuzdaev54, X. R. Wang49,57, Z. Wang5, D. Watanabe21, Y. Watanabe56,57, Y. S. Watanabe10,31, F. Wei49, S. Whitaker27, S. Wolin24, C. P. Wong19,37, C. L. Woody7, M. Wysocki52, B. Xia51, L. Xue19, S. Yalcin62, Y. L. Yamaguchi10,62, A. Yanovich23, I. Yoon60, I. Younus35, I. E. Yushmanov33, W. A. Zajc12, A. Zelenski6, and L. Zou8 (PHENIX Collaboration)

  • 1Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
  • 2Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
  • 3Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
  • 4Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
  • 5Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
  • 6Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
  • 7Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
  • 8University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
  • 9Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, 180 00 Troja, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 10Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  • 11University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
  • 12Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
  • 13Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
  • 14Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
  • 15ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
  • 16Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
  • 17Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
  • 18Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
  • 19Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
  • 20Hanyang University, Seoul 133-792, Korea
  • 21Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
  • 22Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA
  • 23IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
  • 24University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
  • 25Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
  • 26Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
  • 27Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
  • 28Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
  • 29Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
  • 30Helsinki Institute of Physics and University of Jyväskylä, P.O.Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
  • 31KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
  • 32Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
  • 33National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow 123098, Russia
  • 34Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • 35Physics Department, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
  • 36Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
  • 37Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
  • 38Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
  • 39University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
  • 40Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
  • 41MATE, Laboratory of Femtoscopy, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátraiút 36, Hungary
  • 42Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
  • 43Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
  • 44Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-5586, USA
  • 45Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
  • 46Nara Women’s University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
  • 47National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
  • 48University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
  • 49New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
  • 50Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA
  • 51Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
  • 52Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
  • 53IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406 Orsay, France
  • 54PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia
  • 55Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
  • 56RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
  • 57RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
  • 58Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
  • 59Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
  • 60Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
  • 61Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
  • 62Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
  • 63University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
  • 64Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, USA
  • 65Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
  • 66Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
  • 67Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
  • 68Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
  • 69Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
  • 70Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
  • 71Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
  • 72Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia

  • *Deceased.
  • †PHENIX Spokesperson. akiba@rcf.rhic.bnl.gov
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 251901 – Published 21 June, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.251901

Abstract

We present measurements of the cross section and double-helicity asymmetry ALL of direct-photon production in p→+p→ collisions at s=510  GeV. The measurements have been performed at midrapidity (|η|<0.25) with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. At relativistic energies, direct photons are dominantly produced from the initial quark-gluon hard scattering and do not interact via the strong force at leading order. Therefore, at s=510  GeV, where leading-order-effects dominate, these measurements provide clean and direct access to the gluon helicity in the polarized proton in the gluon-momentum-fraction range 0.02<x<0.08, with direct sensitivity to the sign of the gluon contribution.

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Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 251901– Published 21 June, 2023
  • Received 17 February 2022
  • Revised 4 November 2022
  • Accepted 28 April 2023
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