We investigate the photoionization dynamics of atoms subjected to intense, ultrashort laser pulses through the use of quantum trajectories. This method provides a unique and consistent framework for examining electron dynamics within a time-dependent potential barrier. Our findings demonstrate that quantum trajectories offer additional insights into several key aspects of strong-field ionization, including the transition between ionization regimes, nonadiabatic effects under the barrier, the impact of the shape of the electronic potential, and the efficiency of over-the-barrier ionization.

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• Electronic transitions
• Multiphoton or tunneling ionization & excitation
• Nonlinear optics
• Single- and few-photon ionization & excitation
• Strong electromagnetic field effects
• Ultrafast phenomena