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Deformation versus Sphericity in the Ground States of the Lightest Gold Isotopes

J. G. Cubiss1,*, A. N. Andreyev1,2, A. E. Barzakh3, P. Van Duppen4, S. Hilaire5, S. Péru5, S. Goriely6, M. Al Monthery1, N. A. Althubiti7,8 et al.

B. Andel9, S. Antalic9, D. Atanasov10,11, K. Blaum10, T. E. Cocolios7,4, T. Day Goodacre7,11,†, A. de Roubin10,‡, G. J. Farooq-Smith7,4, D. V. Fedorov3, V. N. Fedosseev11, D. A. Fink11,10, L. P. Gaffney4,11,§, L. Ghys4,∥, R. D. Harding1,11, M. Huyse4, N. Imai12, D. T. Joss13, S. Kreim11,10, D. Lunney14,¶, K. M. Lynch7,11, V. Manea10,¶, B. A. Marsh11, Y. Martinez Palenzuela4,11, P. L. Molkanov3, D. Neidherr15, G. G. O’Neill13, R. D. Page13, S. D. Prosnyak3, M. Rosenbusch16,**, R. E. Rossel11,17, S. Rothe11,17, L. Schweikhard16, M. D. Seliverstov3, S. Sels4, L. V. Skripnikov3, A. Stott1, C. Van Beveren4, E. Verstraelen4, A. Welker11,18, F. Wienholtz11,16,††, R. N. Wolf10,16,‡‡, and K. Zuber18

  • 1School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
  • 2Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Japan
  • 3Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
  • 4KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
  • 5Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
  • 6Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, CP-226, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
  • 7The University of Manchester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
  • 8Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • 9Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
  • 10Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
  • 11CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
  • 12Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo, Japan
  • 13Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
  • 14CSNSM-CNRS, Université de Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
  • 15GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
  • 16Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
  • 17Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
  • 18Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany

  • *james.cubiss@york.ac.uk
  • †Present address: TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada.
  • ‡Present address: Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux-Gradignan, 19 Chemin du Solarium, CS 10120, F-33175 Gradignan, France.
  • §Present address: Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom.
  • ∥Present address: Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
  • Present address: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France.
  • **Present address: RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
  • ††Present address: Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
  • ‡‡Present address: ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 202501 – Published 14 November, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.202501

Abstract

The changes in mean-squared charge radii of neutron-deficient gold nuclei have been determined using the in-source, resonance-ionization laser spectroscopy technique, at the ISOLDE facility (CERN). From these new data, nuclear deformations are inferred, revealing a competition between deformed and spherical configurations. The isotopes Au180,181,182 are observed to possess well-deformed ground states and, when moving to lighter masses, a sudden transition to near-spherical shapes is seen in the extremely neutron-deficient nuclides, Au176,177,179. A case of shape coexistence and shape staggering is identified in Au178 which has a ground and isomeric state with different deformations. These new data reveal a pattern in ground-state deformation unique to the gold isotopes, whereby, when moving from the heavy to light masses, a plateau of well-deformed isotopes exists around the neutron midshell, flanked by near-spherical shapes in the heavier and lighter isotopes—a trend hitherto unseen elsewhere in the nuclear chart. The experimental charge radii are compared to those from Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations using the D1M Gogny interaction and configuration mixing between states of different deformation. The calculations are constrained by the known spins, parities, and magnetic moments of the ground states in gold nuclei and show a good agreement with the experimental results.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 202501– Published 14 November, 2023
  • Received 27 March 2023
  • Revised 2 August 2023
  • Accepted 18 September 2023
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