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    Quantum Logic Enhanced Sensing in Solid-State Spin Ensembles

    Nithya Arunkumar1,2,3, Kevin S. Olsson3,4,5, Jner Tzern Oon3,6, Connor A. Hart3,4, Dominik B. Bucher1,7, David R. Glenn1, Mikhail D. Lukin1, Hongkun Park1,8, Donhee Ham2 et al.

    Ronald L. Walsworth1,3,4,6,*

    • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
    • 2John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
    • 3Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    • 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    • 5Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    • 6Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    • 7Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
    • 8Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA

    • *Corresponding author: walsworth@umd.edu
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    Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 100801 – Published 5 September, 2023

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.100801

    Abstract

    We demonstrate quantum logic enhanced sensitivity for a macroscopic ensemble of solid-state, hybrid two-qubit sensors. We achieve over a factor of 30 improvement in the single-shot signal-to-noise ratio, translating to an ac magnetic field sensitivity enhancement exceeding an order of magnitude for time-averaged measurements. Using the electronic spins of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as sensors, we leverage the on-site nitrogen nuclear spins of the NV centers as memory qubits, in combination with homogeneous and stable bias and control fields, ensuring that all of the ∼109 two-qubit sensors are sufficiently identical to permit global control of the NV ensemble spin states. We find quantum logic sensitivity enhancement for multiple measurement protocols with varying optimal sensing intervals, including XY8 and DROID-60 dynamical decoupling, as well as correlation spectroscopy, using an applied ac magnetic field signal. The results are independent of the nature of the target signal and broadly applicable to measurements using NV centers and other solid-state spin ensembles. This work provides a benchmark for macroscopic ensembles of quantum sensors that employ quantum logic or quantum error correction algorithms for enhanced sensitivity.

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    Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 100801– Published 5 September, 2023
    • Received 8 May 2022
    • Revised 11 May 2023
    • Accepted 15 May 2023
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