Open Access

Evidence for Top Quark Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

A. M. Sirunyan^1,a, A. Tumasyan¹, W. Adam², F. Ambrogi², T. Bergauer², M. Dragicevic², J. Erö², A. Escalante Del Valle², R. Frühwirth^2,b et al. (CMS Collaboration)

R. Frühwirth^2,b, M. Jeitler^2,b, N. Krammer², L. Lechner², D. Liko², T. Madlener², I. Mikulec², N. Rad², J. Schieck^2,b, R. Schöfbeck², M. Spanring², S. Templ², W. Waltenberger², C.-E. Wulz^2,b, M. Zarucki², V. Chekhovsky³, A. Litomin³, V. Makarenko³, J. Suarez Gonzalez³, M. R. Darwish^4,c, E. A. De Wolf⁴, D. Di Croce⁴, X. Janssen⁴, T. Kello^4,d, A. Lelek⁴, M. Pieters⁴, H. Rejeb Sfar⁴, H. Van Haevermaet⁴, P. Van Mechelen⁴, S. Van Putte⁴, N. Van Remortel⁴, F. Blekman⁵, E. S. Bols⁵, S. S. Chhibra⁵, J. D’Hondt⁵, J. De Clercq⁵, D. Lontkovskyi⁵, S. Lowette⁵, I. Marchesini⁵, S. Moortgat⁵, Q. Python⁵, S. Tavernier⁵, W. Van Doninck⁵, P. Van Mulders⁵, D. Beghin⁶, B. Bilin⁶, B. Clerbaux⁶, G. De Lentdecker⁶, H. Delannoy⁶, B. Dorney⁶, L. Favart⁶, A. Grebenyuk⁶, A. K. Kalsi⁶, I. Makarenko⁶, L. Moureaux⁶, L. Pétré⁶, A. Popov⁶, N. Postiau⁶, E. Starling⁶, L. Thomas⁶, C. Vander Velde⁶, P. Vanlaer⁶, D. Vannerom⁶, L. Wezenbeek⁶, T. Cornelis⁷, D. Dobur⁷, I. Khvastunov^7,e, M. Niedziela⁷, C. Roskas⁷, K. Skovpen⁷, M. Tytgat⁷, W. Verbeke⁷, B. Vermassen⁷, M. Vit⁷, G. Bruno⁸, F. Bury⁸, C. Caputo⁸, P. David⁸, C. Delaere⁸, M. Delcourt⁸, I. S. Donertas⁸, A. Giammanco⁸, V. Lemaitre⁸, J. Prisciandaro⁸, A. Saggio⁸, A. Taliercio⁸, M. Teklishyn⁸, P. Vischia⁸, S. Wuyckens⁸, J. Zobec⁸, G. A. Alves⁹, G. Correia Silva⁹, C. Hensel⁹, A. Moraes⁹, W. L. Aldá Júnior¹⁰, E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas¹⁰, W. Carvalho¹⁰, J. Chinellato^10,f, E. Coelho¹⁰, E. M. Da Costa¹⁰, G. G. Da Silveira^10,g, D. De Jesus Damiao¹⁰, S. Fonseca De Souza¹⁰, H. Malbouisson¹⁰, J. Martins^10,h, D. Matos Figueiredo¹⁰, M. Medina Jaime^10,i, M. Melo De Almeida¹⁰, C. Mora Herrera¹⁰, L. Mundim¹⁰, H. Nogima¹⁰, P. Rebello Teles¹⁰, L. J. Sanchez Rosas¹⁰, A. Santoro¹⁰, S. M. Silva Do Amaral¹⁰, A. Sznajder¹⁰, M. Thiel¹⁰, E. J. Tonelli Manganote^10,f, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo¹⁰, A. Vilela Pereira¹⁰, C. A. Bernardes^11a, L. Calligaris^11a, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei^11a, E. M. Gregores^11a,11b, D. S. Lemos^11a, P. G. Mercadante^11a,11b, S. F. Novaes^11a, Sandra S. Padula^11a, A. Aleksandrov¹², G. Antchev¹², I. Atanasov¹², R. Hadjiiska¹², P. Iaydjiev¹², M. Misheva¹², M. Rodozov¹², M. Shopova¹², G. Sultanov¹², M. Bonchev¹³, A. Dimitrov¹³, T. Ivanov¹³, L. Litov¹³, B. Pavlov¹³, P. Petkov¹³, A. Petrov¹³, W. Fang^14,d, Q. Guo¹⁴, H. Wang¹⁴, L. Yuan¹⁴, M. Ahmad¹⁵, Z. Hu¹⁵, Y. Wang¹⁵, E. Chapon¹⁶, G. M. Chen^16,j, H. S. Chen^16,j, M. Chen¹⁶, C. H. Jiang¹⁶, D. Leggat¹⁶, H. Liao¹⁶, Z. Liu¹⁶, R. Sharma¹⁶, A. Spiezia¹⁶, J. Tao¹⁶, J. Wang¹⁶, H. Zhang¹⁶, S. Zhang^16,j, J. Zhao¹⁶, A. Agapitos¹⁷, Y. Ban¹⁷, C. Chen¹⁷, G. Chen¹⁷, A. Levin¹⁷, J. Li¹⁷, L. Li¹⁷, Q. Li¹⁷, X. Lyu¹⁷, Y. Mao¹⁷, S. J. Qian¹⁷, D. Wang¹⁷, Q. Wang¹⁷, J. Xiao¹⁷, Z. You¹⁸, X. Gao^19,d, M. Xiao²⁰, C. Avila²¹, A. Cabrera²¹, C. Florez²¹, J. Fraga²¹, A. Sarkar²¹, M. A. Segura Delgado²¹, J. Mejia Guisao²², F. Ramirez²², J. D. Ruiz Alvarez²², C. A. Salazar González²², N. Vanegas Arbelaez²², D. Giljanovic²³, N. Godinovic²³, D. Lelas²³, I. Puljak²³, T. Sculac²³, Z. Antunovic²⁴, M. Kovac²⁴, V. Brigljevic²⁵, D. Ferencek²⁵, D. Majumder²⁵, B. Mesic²⁵, M. Roguljic²⁵, A. Starodumov^25,k, T. Susa²⁵, M. W. Ather²⁶, A. Attikis²⁶, E. Erodotou²⁶, A. Ioannou²⁶, G. Kole²⁶, M. Kolosova²⁶, S. Konstantinou²⁶, G. Mavromanolakis²⁶, J. Mousa²⁶, C. Nicolaou²⁶, F. Ptochos²⁶, P. A. Razis²⁶, H. Rykaczewski²⁶, H. Saka²⁶, D. Tsiakkouri²⁶, M. Finger^27,l, M. Finger, Jr.^27,l, A. Kveton²⁷, J. Tomsa²⁷, E. Ayala²⁸, E. Carrera Jarrin²⁹, E. Salama^30,m,n, A. Lotfy^31,o, M. A. Mahmoud³¹, S. Bhowmik³², A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira³², R. K. Dewanjee³², K. Ehataht³², M. Kadastik³², M. Raidal³², C. Veelken³², P. Eerola³³, L. Forthomme³³, H. Kirschenmann³³, K. Osterberg³³, M. Voutilainen³³, E. Brücken³⁴, F. Garcia³⁴, J. Havukainen³⁴, V. Karimäki³⁴, M. S. Kim³⁴, R. Kinnunen³⁴, T. Lampén³⁴, K. Lassila-Perini³⁴, S. Laurila³⁴, S. Lehti³⁴, T. Lindén³⁴, H. Siikonen³⁴, E. Tuominen³⁴, J. Tuominiemi³⁴, P. Luukka³⁵, T. Tuuva³⁵, M. Besancon³⁶, F. Couderc³⁶, M. Dejardin³⁶, D. Denegri³⁶, J. L. Faure³⁶, F. Ferri³⁶, S. Ganjour³⁶, A. Givernaud³⁶, P. Gras³⁶, G. Hamel de Monchenault³⁶, P. Jarry³⁶, C. Leloup³⁶, B. Lenzi³⁶, E. Locci³⁶, J. Malcles³⁶, J. Rander³⁶, A. Rosowsky³⁶, M. Ö. Sahin³⁶, A. Savoy-Navarro^36,p, M. Titov³⁶, G. B. Yu³⁶, S. Ahuja³⁷, C. Amendola³⁷, F. Beaudette³⁷, M. Bonanomi³⁷, P. Busson³⁷, C. Charlot³⁷, O. Davignon³⁷, B. Diab³⁷, G. Falmagne³⁷, R. Granier de Cassagnac³⁷, I. Kucher³⁷, A. Lobanov³⁷, C. Martin Perez³⁷, M. Nguyen³⁷, C. Ochando³⁷, P. Paganini³⁷, J. Rembser³⁷, R. Salerno³⁷, J. B. Sauvan³⁷, Y. Sirois³⁷, A. Zabi³⁷, A. Zghiche³⁷, J.-L. Agram^38,q, J. Andrea³⁸, D. Bloch³⁸, G. Bourgatte³⁸, J.-M. Brom³⁸, E. C. Chabert³⁸, C. Collard³⁸, J.-C. Fontaine^38,q, D. Gelé³⁸, U. Goerlach³⁸, C. Grimault³⁸, A.-C. Le Bihan³⁸, P. Van Hove³⁸, E. Asilar³⁹, S. Beauceron³⁹, C. Bernet³⁹, G. Boudoul³⁹, C. Camen³⁹, A. Carle³⁹, N. Chanon³⁹, R. Chierici³⁹, D. Contardo³⁹, P. Depasse³⁹, H. El Mamouni³⁹, J. Fay³⁹, S. Gascon³⁹, M. Gouzevitch³⁹, B. Ille³⁹, Sa. Jain³⁹, I. B. Laktineh³⁹, H. Lattaud³⁹, A. Lesauvage³⁹, M. Lethuillier³⁹, L. Mirabito³⁹, L. Torterotot³⁹, G. Touquet³⁹, M. Vander Donckt³⁹, S. Viret³⁹, A. Khvedelidze^40,l, Z. Tsamalaidze^41,l, L. Feld⁴², K. Klein⁴², M. Lipinski⁴², D. Meuser⁴², A. Pauls⁴², M. Preuten⁴², M. P. Rauch⁴², J. Schulz⁴², M. Teroerde⁴², D. Eliseev⁴³, M. Erdmann⁴³, P. Fackeldey⁴³, B. Fischer⁴³, S. Ghosh⁴³, T. Hebbeker⁴³, K. Hoepfner⁴³, H. Keller⁴³, L. Mastrolorenzo⁴³, M. Merschmeyer⁴³, A. Meyer⁴³, P. Millet⁴³, G. Mocellin⁴³, S. Mondal⁴³, S. Mukherjee⁴³, D. Noll⁴³, A. Novak⁴³, T. Pook⁴³, A. Pozdnyakov⁴³, T. Quast⁴³, M. Radziej⁴³, Y. Rath⁴³, H. Reithler⁴³, J. Roemer⁴³, A. Schmidt⁴³, S. C. Schuler⁴³, A. Sharma⁴³, S. Wiedenbeck⁴³, S. Zaleski⁴³, C. Dziwok⁴⁴, G. Flügge⁴⁴, W. Haj Ahmad^44,r, O. Hlushchenko⁴⁴, T. Kress⁴⁴, A. Nowack⁴⁴, C. Pistone⁴⁴, O. Pooth⁴⁴, D. Roy⁴⁴, H. Sert⁴⁴, A. Stahl^44,s, T. Ziemons⁴⁴, H. Aarup Petersen⁴⁵, M. Aldaya Martin⁴⁵, P. Asmuss⁴⁵, I. Babounikau⁴⁵, S. Baxter⁴⁵, O. Behnke⁴⁵, A. Bermúdez Martínez⁴⁵, A. A. Bin Anuar⁴⁵, K. Borras^45,t, V. Botta⁴⁵, D. Brunner⁴⁵, A. Campbell⁴⁵, A. Cardini⁴⁵, P. Connor⁴⁵, S. Consuegra Rodríguez⁴⁵, V. Danilov⁴⁵, A. De Wit⁴⁵, M. M. Defranchis⁴⁵, L. Didukh⁴⁵, D. Domínguez Damiani⁴⁵, G. Eckerlin⁴⁵, D. Eckstein⁴⁵, T. Eichhorn⁴⁵, A. Elwood⁴⁵, L. I. Estevez Banos⁴⁵, E. Gallo^45,u, A. Geiser⁴⁵, A. Giraldi⁴⁵, A. Grohsjean⁴⁵, M. Guthoff⁴⁵, M. Haranko⁴⁵, A. Harb⁴⁵, A. Jafari^45,v, N. Z. Jomhari⁴⁵, H. Jung⁴⁵, A. Kasem^45,t, M. Kasemann⁴⁵, H. Kaveh⁴⁵, J. Keaveney⁴⁵, C. Kleinwort⁴⁵, J. Knolle⁴⁵, D. Krücker⁴⁵, W. Lange⁴⁵, T. Lenz⁴⁵, J. Lidrych⁴⁵, K. Lipka⁴⁵, W. Lohmann^45,w, R. Mankel⁴⁵, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann⁴⁵, J. Metwally⁴⁵, A. B. Meyer⁴⁵, M. Meyer⁴⁵, M. Missiroli⁴⁵, J. Mnich⁴⁵, A. Mussgiller⁴⁵, V. Myronenko⁴⁵, Y. Otarid⁴⁵, D. Pérez Adán⁴⁵, S. K. Pflitsch⁴⁵, D. Pitzl⁴⁵, A. Raspereza⁴⁵, A. Saibel⁴⁵, M. Savitskyi⁴⁵, V. Scheurer⁴⁵, P. Schütze⁴⁵, C. Schwanenberger⁴⁵, R. Shevchenko⁴⁵, A. Singh⁴⁵, R. E. Sosa Ricardo⁴⁵, H. Tholen⁴⁵, N. Tonon⁴⁵, O. 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Bhattacharya⁶¹, S. Bhattacharya⁶¹, D. Bhowmik⁶¹, S. Dutta⁶¹, S. Ghosh⁶¹, B. Gomber^61,gg, M. Maity^61,hh, K. Mondal⁶¹, S. Nandan⁶¹, P. Palit⁶¹, A. Purohit⁶¹, P. K. Rout⁶¹, G. Saha⁶¹, S. Sarkar⁶¹, M. Sharan⁶¹, B. Singh^61,ff, S. Thakur^61,ff, P. K. Behera⁶², S. C. Behera⁶², P. Kalbhor⁶², A. Muhammad⁶², R. Pradhan⁶², P. R. Pujahari⁶², A. Sharma⁶², A. K. Sikdar⁶², D. Dutta⁶³, V. Jha⁶³, V. Kumar⁶³, D. K. Mishra⁶³, K. Naskar^63,ii, P. K. Netrakanti⁶³, L. M. Pant⁶³, P. Shukla⁶³, T. Aziz⁶⁴, M. A. Bhat⁶⁴, S. Dugad⁶⁴, R. Kumar Verma⁶⁴, U. Sarkar⁶⁴, S. Banerjee⁶⁵, S. Bhattacharya⁶⁵, S. Chatterjee⁶⁵, P. Das⁶⁵, M. Guchait⁶⁵, S. Karmakar⁶⁵, S. Kumar⁶⁵, G. Majumder⁶⁵, K. Mazumdar⁶⁵, S. Mukherjee⁶⁵, D. Roy⁶⁵, N. Sahoo⁶⁵, S. Dube⁶⁶, B. Kansal⁶⁶, A. Kapoor⁶⁶, K. Kothekar⁶⁶, S. Pandey⁶⁶, A. Rane⁶⁶, A. Rastogi⁶⁶, S. Sharma⁶⁶, H. Bakhshiansohi^67,jj, S. Chenarani^68,kk, S. M. Etesami⁶⁸, M. Khakzad⁶⁸, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi⁶⁸, M. Naseri⁶⁸, M. Felcini⁶⁹, M. Grunewald⁶⁹, M. Abbrescia^70a,70b, R. Aly^70a,70b,ll, C. Aruta^70a,70b, C. Calabria^70a,70b, A. Colaleo^70a, D. Creanza^70a,70c, N. De Filippis^70a,70c, M. De Palma^70a,70b, A. Di Florio^70a,70b, A. Di Pilato^70a,70b, W. Elmetenawee^70a,70b, L. Fiore^70a, A. Gelmi^70a,70b, G. Iaselli^70a,70c, M. Ince^70a,70b, S. Lezki^70a,70b, G. Maggi^70a,70c, M. Maggi^70a, I. Margjeka^70a,70b, J. A. Merlin^70a, S. My^70a,70b, S. Nuzzo^70a,70b, A. Pompili^70a,70b, G. Pugliese^70a,70c, A. Ranieri^70a, G. Selvaggi^70a,70b, L. Silvestris^70a, F. M. Simone^70a,70b, R. Venditti^70a, P. Verwilligen^70a, G. Abbiendi^71a, C. Battilana^71a,71b, D. Bonacorsi^71a,71b, L. Borgonovi^71a,71b, S. Braibant-Giacomelli^71a,71b, R. Campanini^71a,71b, P. Capiluppi^71a,71b, A. Castro^71a,71b, F. R. Cavallo^71a, C. Ciocca^71a, M. Cuffiani^71a,71b, G. M. Dallavalle^71a, T. Diotalevi^71a,71b, F. Fabbri^71a, A. Fanfani^71a,71b, E. Fontanesi^71a,71b, P. Giacomelli^71a, C. Grandi^71a, L. Guiducci^71a,71b, F. Iemmi^71a,71b, S. Lo Meo^71a,mm, S. Marcellini^71a, G. Masetti^71a, F. L. Navarria^71a,71b, A. Perrotta^71a, F. Primavera^71a,71b, A. M. Rossi^71a,71b, T. Rovelli^71a,71b, G. P. Siroli^71a,71b, N. Tosi^71a, S. Albergo^72a,72b,nn, S. Costa^72a,72b, A. Di Mattia^72a, R. Potenza^72a,72b, A. Tricomi^72a,72b,nn, C. Tuve^72a,72b, G. Barbagli^73a, A. Cassese^73a, R. Ceccarelli^73a,73b, V. Ciulli^73a,73b, C. Civinini^73a, R. D’Alessandro^73a,73b, F. Fiori^73a, E. Focardi^73a,73b, G. Latino^73a,73b, P. Lenzi^73a,73b, M. Lizzo^73a,73b, M. Meschini^73a, S. Paoletti^73a, R. Seidita^73a,73b, G. Sguazzoni^73a, L. Viliani^73a, L. Benussi⁷⁴, S. Bianco⁷⁴, D. Piccolo⁷⁴, M. Bozzo^75a,75b, F. Ferro^75a, R. Mulargia^75a,75b, E. Robutti^75a, S. Tosi^75a,75b, A. Benaglia^76a, A. Beschi^76a,76b, F. Brivio^76a,76b, F. Cetorelli^76a,76b, V. Ciriolo^76a,76b,s, F. De Guio^76a,76b, M. E. Dinardo^76a,76b, P. Dini^76a, S. Gennai^76a, A. Ghezzi^76a,76b, P. Govoni^76a,76b, L. Guzzi^76a,76b, M. Malberti^76a, S. Malvezzi^76a, D. Menasce^76a, F. Monti^76a,76b, L. Moroni^76a, M. Paganoni^76a,76b, D. Pedrini^76a, S. Ragazzi^76a,76b, T. Tabarelli de Fatis^76a,76b, D. Valsecchi^76a,76b,s, D. Zuolo^76a,76b, S. Buontempo^77a, N. Cavallo^77a,77c, A. De Iorio^77a,77b, F. Fabozzi^77a,77c, F. Fienga^77a, A. O. M. Iorio^77a,77b, L. Layer^77a,77b, L. Lista^77a,77b, S. Meola^77a,77d,s, P. Paolucci^77a,s, B. Rossi^77a, C. Sciacca^77a,77b, E. Voevodina^77a,77b, P. Azzi^78a, N. Bacchetta^78a, D. Bisello^78a,78b, A. Boletti^78a,78b, A. Bragagnolo^78a,78b, R. Carlin^78a,78b, P. Checchia^78a, P. De Castro Manzano^78a, T. Dorigo^78a, U. Dosselli^78a, F. Gasparini^78a,78b, U. Gasparini^78a,78b, S. Y. Hoh^78a,78b, M. Margoni^78a,78b, A. T. Meneguzzo^78a,78b, M. Presilla^78a,78b, P. Ronchese^78a,78b, R. Rossin^78a,78b, F. Simonetto^78a,78b, G. Strong^78a, A. Tiko^78a, M. Tosi^78a,78b, M. Zanetti^78a,78b, P. Zotto^78a,78b, A. Zucchetta^78a,78b, G. Zumerle^78a,78b, A. Braghieri^79a, S. Calzaferri^79a,79b, D. Fiorina^79a,79b, P. Montagna^79a,79b, S. P. Ratti^79a,79b, V. Re^79a, M. Ressegotti^79a,79b, C. Riccardi^79a,79b, P. Salvini^79a, I. Vai^79a, P. Vitulo^79a,79b, M. Biasini^80a,80b, G. M. Bilei^80a, D. Ciangottini^80a,80b, L. Fanò^80a,80b, P. Lariccia^80a,80b, G. Mantovani^80a,80b, V. Mariani^80a,80b, M. Menichelli^80a, F. Moscatelli^80a, A. Rossi^80a,80b, A. Santocchia^80a,80b, D. Spiga^80a, T. Tedeschi^80a,80b, K. Androsov^81a, P. Azzurri^81a, G. Bagliesi^81a, V. Bertacchi^81a,81c, L. Bianchini^81a, T. Boccali^81a, R. Castaldi^81a, M. A. Ciocci^81a,81b, R. Dell’Orso^81a, M. R. Di Domenico^81a,81b, S. Donato^81a, L. Giannini^81a,81c, A. Giassi^81a, M. T. Grippo^81a, F. Ligabue^81a,81c, E. Manca^81a,81c, G. Mandorli^81a,81c, A. Messineo^81a,81b, F. Palla^81a, A. Rizzi^81a,81b, G. Rolandi^81a,81c, S. Roy Chowdhury^81a,81c, A. Scribano^81a, N. Shafiei^81a,81b, P. Spagnolo^81a, R. Tenchini^81a, G. Tonelli^81a,81b, N. Turini^81a, A. Venturi^81a, P. G. Verdini^81a, F. Cavallari^82a, M. Cipriani^82a,82b, D. Del Re^82a,82b, E. Di Marco^82a, M. Diemoz^82a, E. Longo^82a,82b, P. Meridiani^82a, G. Organtini^82a,82b, F. Pandolfi^82a, R. Paramatti^82a,82b, C. Quaranta^82a,82b, S. Rahatlou^82a,82b, C. Rovelli^82a, F. Santanastasio^82a,82b, L. Soffi^82a,82b, R. Tramontano^82a,82b, N. Amapane^83a,83b, R. Arcidiacono^83a,83c, S. Argiro^83a,83b, M. Arneodo^83a,83c, N. Bartosik^83a, R. Bellan^83a,83b, A. Bellora^83a,83b, C. Biino^83a, A. Cappati^83a,83b, N. Cartiglia^83a, S. Cometti^83a, M. Costa^83a,83b, R. Covarelli^83a,83b, N. Demaria^83a, B. Kiani^83a,83b, F. Legger^83a, C. Mariotti^83a, S. Maselli^83a, E. Migliore^83a,83b, V. Monaco^83a,83b, E. Monteil^83a,83b, M. Monteno^83a, M. M. Obertino^83a,83b, G. Ortona^83a, L. Pacher^83a,83b, N. Pastrone^83a, M. Pelliccioni^83a, G. L. Pinna Angioni^83a,83b, M. Ruspa^83a,83c, R. Salvatico^83a,83b, F. Siviero^83a,83b, V. Sola^83a, A. Solano^83a,83b, D. Soldi^83a,83b, A. Staiano^83a, D. Trocino^83a,83b, S. Belforte^84a, V. Candelise^84a,84b, M. Casarsa^84a, F. 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Spiridonov¹¹⁴, A. Stepennov¹¹⁴, M. Toms¹¹⁴, E. Vlasov¹¹⁴, A. Zhokin¹¹⁴, T. Aushev¹¹⁵, R. Chistov^116,ww, M. Danilov^116,ww, P. Parygin¹¹⁶, D. Philippov¹¹⁶, S. Polikarpov^116,ww, V. Andreev¹¹⁷, M. Azarkin¹¹⁷, I. Dremin¹¹⁷, M. Kirakosyan¹¹⁷, A. Terkulov¹¹⁷, A. Baskakov¹¹⁸, A. Belyaev¹¹⁸, E. Boos¹¹⁸, L. Dudko¹¹⁸, A. Ershov¹¹⁸, A. Gribushin¹¹⁸, O. Kodolova¹¹⁸, V. Korotkikh¹¹⁸, I. Lokhtin¹¹⁸, S. Obraztsov¹¹⁸, S. Petrushanko¹¹⁸, V. Savrin¹¹⁸, A. Snigirev¹¹⁸, V. Blinov^119,xx, T. Dimova^119,xx, L. Kardapoltsev^119,xx, I. Ovtin^119,xx, Y. Skovpen^119,xx, I. Azhgirey¹²⁰, I. Bayshev¹²⁰, V. Kachanov¹²⁰, A. Kalinin¹²⁰, D. Konstantinov¹²⁰, V. Petrov¹²⁰, R. Ryutin¹²⁰, A. Sobol¹²⁰, S. Troshin¹²⁰, N. Tyurin¹²⁰, A. Uzunian¹²⁰, A. Volkov¹²⁰, A. Babaev¹²¹, A. Iuzhakov¹²¹, V. Okhotnikov¹²¹, V. Borchsh¹²², V. Ivanchenko¹²², E. Tcherniaev¹²², P. Adzic^123,yy, P. Cirkovic¹²³, M. Dordevic¹²³, P. Milenovic¹²³, J. Milosevic¹²³, M. Stojanovic¹²³, M. Aguilar-Benitez¹²⁴, J. Alcaraz Maestre¹²⁴, A. 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Amram¹⁶⁹, B. Blumenfeld¹⁶⁹, L. Corcodilos¹⁶⁹, M. Eminizer¹⁶⁹, A. V. Gritsan¹⁶⁹, S. Kyriacou¹⁶⁹, P. Maksimovic¹⁶⁹, C. Mantilla¹⁶⁹, J. Roskes¹⁶⁹, M. Swartz¹⁶⁹, T. Á. Vámi¹⁶⁹, C. Baldenegro Barrera¹⁷⁰, P. Baringer¹⁷⁰, A. Bean¹⁷⁰, A. Bylinkin¹⁷⁰, T. Isidori¹⁷⁰, S. Khalil¹⁷⁰, J. King¹⁷⁰, G. Krintiras¹⁷⁰, A. Kropivnitskaya¹⁷⁰, C. Lindsey¹⁷⁰, W. Mcbrayer¹⁷⁰, N. Minafra¹⁷⁰, M. Murray¹⁷⁰, C. Rogan¹⁷⁰, C. Royon¹⁷⁰, S. Sanders¹⁷⁰, E. Schmitz¹⁷⁰, J. D. Tapia Takaki¹⁷⁰, Q. Wang¹⁷⁰, J. Williams¹⁷⁰, G. Wilson¹⁷⁰, S. Duric¹⁷¹, A. Ivanov¹⁷¹, K. Kaadze¹⁷¹, D. Kim¹⁷¹, Y. Maravin¹⁷¹, D. R. Mendis¹⁷¹, T. Mitchell¹⁷¹, A. Modak¹⁷¹, A. Mohammadi¹⁷¹, F. Rebassoo¹⁷², D. Wright¹⁷², E. Adams¹⁷³, A. Baden¹⁷³, O. Baron¹⁷³, A. Belloni¹⁷³, S. C. Eno¹⁷³, Y. Feng¹⁷³, N. J. Hadley¹⁷³, S. Jabeen¹⁷³, G. Y. Jeng¹⁷³, R. G. Kellogg¹⁷³, T. Koeth¹⁷³, A. C. Mignerey¹⁷³, S. Nabili¹⁷³, M. Seidel¹⁷³, A. Skuja¹⁷³, S. C. Tonwar¹⁷³, L. Wang¹⁷³, K. Wong¹⁷³, D. Abercrombie¹⁷⁴, B. Allen¹⁷⁴, R. Bi¹⁷⁴, S. Brandt¹⁷⁴, W. Busza¹⁷⁴, I. A. Cali¹⁷⁴, Y. Chen¹⁷⁴, M. D’Alfonso¹⁷⁴, G. Gomez Ceballos¹⁷⁴, M. Goncharov¹⁷⁴, P. Harris¹⁷⁴, D. Hsu¹⁷⁴, M. Hu¹⁷⁴, M. Klute¹⁷⁴, D. Kovalskyi¹⁷⁴, J. Krupa¹⁷⁴, Y.-J. Lee¹⁷⁴, P. D. Luckey¹⁷⁴, B. Maier¹⁷⁴, A. C. Marini¹⁷⁴, C. Mcginn¹⁷⁴, C. Mironov¹⁷⁴, S. Narayanan¹⁷⁴, X. Niu¹⁷⁴, C. Paus¹⁷⁴, D. Rankin¹⁷⁴, C. Roland¹⁷⁴, G. Roland¹⁷⁴, Z. Shi¹⁷⁴, G. S. F. Stephans¹⁷⁴, K. Sumorok¹⁷⁴, K. Tatar¹⁷⁴, D. Velicanu¹⁷⁴, J. Wang¹⁷⁴, T. W. Wang¹⁷⁴, Z. Wang¹⁷⁴, B. Wyslouch¹⁷⁴, R. M. Chatterjee¹⁷⁵, A. Evans¹⁷⁵, S. Guts^175,a, P. Hansen¹⁷⁵, J. Hiltbrand¹⁷⁵, Sh. Jain¹⁷⁵, M. Krohn¹⁷⁵, Y. Kubota¹⁷⁵, Z. Lesko¹⁷⁵, J. Mans¹⁷⁵, M. Revering¹⁷⁵, R. Rusack¹⁷⁵, R. Saradhy¹⁷⁵, N. Schroeder¹⁷⁵, N. Strobbe¹⁷⁵, M. A. Wadud¹⁷⁵, J. G. Acosta¹⁷⁶, S. Oliveros¹⁷⁶, K. Bloom¹⁷⁷, S. Chauhan¹⁷⁷, D. R. Claes¹⁷⁷, C. Fangmeier¹⁷⁷, L. Finco¹⁷⁷, F. Golf¹⁷⁷, J. R. González Fernández¹⁷⁷, I. Kravchenko¹⁷⁷, J. E. Siado¹⁷⁷, G. R. Snow^177,a, B. Stieger¹⁷⁷, W. Tabb¹⁷⁷, G. Agarwal¹⁷⁸, C. Harrington¹⁷⁸, I. Iashvili¹⁷⁸, A. Kharchilava¹⁷⁸, C. McLean¹⁷⁸, D. Nguyen¹⁷⁸, A. Parker¹⁷⁸, J. Pekkanen¹⁷⁸, S. Rappoccio¹⁷⁸, B. Roozbahani¹⁷⁸, G. Alverson¹⁷⁹, E. Barberis¹⁷⁹, C. Freer¹⁷⁹, Y. Haddad¹⁷⁹, A. Hortiangtham¹⁷⁹, G. Madigan¹⁷⁹, B. Marzocchi¹⁷⁹, D. M. Morse¹⁷⁹, V. Nguyen¹⁷⁹, T. Orimoto¹⁷⁹, L. Skinnari¹⁷⁹, A. Tishelman-Charny¹⁷⁹, T. Wamorkar¹⁷⁹, B. Wang¹⁷⁹, A. Wisecarver¹⁷⁹, D. Wood¹⁷⁹, S. Bhattacharya¹⁸⁰, J. Bueghly¹⁸⁰, Z. Chen¹⁸⁰, A. Gilbert¹⁸⁰, T. Gunter¹⁸⁰, K. A. Hahn¹⁸⁰, N. Odell¹⁸⁰, M. H. Schmitt¹⁸⁰, K. Sung¹⁸⁰, M. Velasco¹⁸⁰, R. Bucci¹⁸¹, N. Dev¹⁸¹, R. Goldouzian¹⁸¹, M. Hildreth¹⁸¹, K. Hurtado Anampa¹⁸¹, C. Jessop¹⁸¹, D. J. Karmgard¹⁸¹, K. Lannon¹⁸¹, W. Li¹⁸¹, N. Loukas¹⁸¹, N. Marinelli¹⁸¹, I. Mcalister¹⁸¹, F. Meng¹⁸¹, K. Mohrman¹⁸¹, Y. Musienko^181,rr, R. Ruchti¹⁸¹, P. Siddireddy¹⁸¹, S. Taroni¹⁸¹, M. Wayne¹⁸¹, A. Wightman¹⁸¹, M. Wolf¹⁸¹, L. Zygala¹⁸¹, J. Alimena¹⁸², B. Bylsma¹⁸², B. Cardwell¹⁸², L. S. Durkin¹⁸², B. Francis¹⁸², C. Hill¹⁸², W. Ji¹⁸², A. Lefeld¹⁸², B. L. Winer¹⁸², B. R. Yates¹⁸², G. Dezoort¹⁸³, P. Elmer¹⁸³, B. Greenberg¹⁸³, N. Haubrich¹⁸³, S. Higginbotham¹⁸³, A. Kalogeropoulos¹⁸³, G. Kopp¹⁸³, S. Kwan¹⁸³, D. Lange¹⁸³, M. T. Lucchini¹⁸³, J. Luo¹⁸³, D. Marlow¹⁸³, K. Mei¹⁸³, I. Ojalvo¹⁸³, J. Olsen¹⁸³, C. Palmer¹⁸³, P. Piroué¹⁸³, D. Stickland¹⁸³, C. Tully¹⁸³, S. Malik¹⁸⁴, S. Norberg¹⁸⁴, V. E. Barnes¹⁸⁵, R. Chawla¹⁸⁵, S. Das¹⁸⁵, L. Gutay¹⁸⁵, M. Jones¹⁸⁵, A. W. Jung¹⁸⁵, B. Mahakud¹⁸⁵, G. Negro¹⁸⁵, N. Neumeister¹⁸⁵, C. C. Peng¹⁸⁵, S. Piperov¹⁸⁵, H. Qiu¹⁸⁵, J. F. Schulte¹⁸⁵, N. Trevisani¹⁸⁵, F. Wang¹⁸⁵, R. Xiao¹⁸⁵, W. Xie¹⁸⁵, T. Cheng¹⁸⁶, J. Dolen¹⁸⁶, N. Parashar¹⁸⁶, A. Baty¹⁸⁷, S. Dildick¹⁸⁷, K. M. Ecklund¹⁸⁷, S. Freed¹⁸⁷, F. J. M. Geurts¹⁸⁷, M. Kilpatrick¹⁸⁷, A. Kumar¹⁸⁷, W. Li¹⁸⁷, B. P. Padley¹⁸⁷, R. Redjimi¹⁸⁷, J. Roberts^187,a, J. Rorie¹⁸⁷, W. Shi¹⁸⁷, A. G. Stahl Leiton¹⁸⁷, Z. Tu¹⁸⁷, A. Zhang¹⁸⁷, A. Bodek¹⁸⁸, P. de Barbaro¹⁸⁸, R. Demina¹⁸⁸, J. L. Dulemba¹⁸⁸, C. Fallon¹⁸⁸, T. Ferbel¹⁸⁸, M. Galanti¹⁸⁸, A. Garcia-Bellido¹⁸⁸, O. Hindrichs¹⁸⁸, A. Khukhunaishvili¹⁸⁸, E. Ranken¹⁸⁸, R. Taus¹⁸⁸, B. Chiarito¹⁸⁹, J. P. Chou¹⁸⁹, A. Gandrakota¹⁸⁹, Y. Gershtein¹⁸⁹, E. Halkiadakis¹⁸⁹, A. Hart¹⁸⁹, M. Heindl¹⁸⁹, E. Hughes¹⁸⁹, S. Kaplan¹⁸⁹, O. Karacheban^189,w, I. Laflotte¹⁸⁹, A. Lath¹⁸⁹, R. Montalvo¹⁸⁹, K. Nash¹⁸⁹, M. Osherson¹⁸⁹, S. Salur¹⁸⁹, S. Schnetzer¹⁸⁹, S. Somalwar¹⁸⁹, R. Stone¹⁸⁹, S. A. Thayil¹⁸⁹, S. Thomas¹⁸⁹, H. Acharya¹⁹⁰, A. G. Delannoy¹⁹⁰, S. Spanier¹⁹⁰, O. Bouhali^191,jjjj, M. Dalchenko¹⁹¹, A. Delgado¹⁹¹, R. Eusebi¹⁹¹, J. Gilmore¹⁹¹, T. Huang¹⁹¹, T. Kamon^191,kkkk, H. Kim¹⁹¹, S. Luo¹⁹¹, S. Malhotra¹⁹¹, D. Marley¹⁹¹, R. Mueller¹⁹¹, D. Overton¹⁹¹, L. Perniè¹⁹¹, D. Rathjens¹⁹¹, A. Safonov¹⁹¹, N. Akchurin¹⁹², J. Damgov¹⁹², V. Hegde¹⁹², S. Kunori¹⁹², K. Lamichhane¹⁹², S. W. Lee¹⁹², T. Mengke¹⁹², S. Muthumuni¹⁹², T. Peltola¹⁹², S. Undleeb¹⁹², I. Volobouev¹⁹², Z. Wang¹⁹², A. Whitbeck¹⁹², E. Appelt¹⁹³, S. Greene¹⁹³, A. Gurrola¹⁹³, R. Janjam¹⁹³, W. Johns¹⁹³, C. Maguire¹⁹³, A. Melo¹⁹³, H. Ni¹⁹³, K. Padeken¹⁹³, F. Romeo¹⁹³, P. Sheldon¹⁹³, S. Tuo¹⁹³, J. Velkovska¹⁹³, M. Verweij¹⁹³, L. Ang¹⁹⁴, M. W. Arenton¹⁹⁴, B. Cox¹⁹⁴, G. Cummings¹⁹⁴, J. Hakala¹⁹⁴, R. Hirosky¹⁹⁴, M. Joyce¹⁹⁴, A. Ledovskoy¹⁹⁴, C. Neu¹⁹⁴, B. Tannenwald¹⁹⁴, Y. Wang¹⁹⁴, E. Wolfe¹⁹⁴, F. Xia¹⁹⁴, P. E. Karchin¹⁹⁵, N. Poudyal¹⁹⁵, J. Sturdy¹⁹⁵, P. Thapa¹⁹⁵, K. Black¹⁹⁶, T. Bose¹⁹⁶, J. Buchanan¹⁹⁶, C. Caillol¹⁹⁶, S. Dasu¹⁹⁶, I. De Bruyn¹⁹⁶, L. Dodd¹⁹⁶, C. Galloni¹⁹⁶, H. He¹⁹⁶, M. Herndon¹⁹⁶, A. Hervé¹⁹⁶, U. Hussain¹⁹⁶, A. Lanaro¹⁹⁶, A. Loeliger¹⁹⁶, R. Loveless¹⁹⁶, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala¹⁹⁶, A. Mallampalli¹⁹⁶, D. Pinna¹⁹⁶, T. Ruggles¹⁹⁶, A. Savin¹⁹⁶, V. Shang¹⁹⁶, V. Sharma¹⁹⁶, W. H. Smith¹⁹⁶, D. Teague¹⁹⁶, S. Trembath-reichert¹⁹⁶, and W. Vetens¹⁹⁶ (CMS Collaboration)

¹Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
²Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Wien, Austria
³Institute for Nuclear Problems, Minsk, Belarus
⁴Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
⁵Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
⁶Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
⁷Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
⁸Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
⁹Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
¹⁰Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
^11aUniversidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
^11bUniversidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
¹²Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹³University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹⁴Beihang University, Beijing, China
¹⁵Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
¹⁶Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
¹⁷State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
¹⁸Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
¹⁹Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE)—Fudan University, Shanghai, China
²⁰Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
²¹Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
²²Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
²³University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split, Croatia
²⁴University of Split, Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
²⁵Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
²⁶University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
²⁷Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
²⁸Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
²⁹Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
³⁰Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
³¹Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
³²National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
³³Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
³⁴Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
³⁵Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
³⁶IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
³⁷Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France
³⁸Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
³⁹Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS-IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁰Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
⁴¹Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
⁴²RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
⁴³RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁴RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁵Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
⁴⁶University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
⁴⁷Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
⁴⁸Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
⁴⁹National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁰National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵¹University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, Greece
⁵²MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
⁵³Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁴Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁵Institute of Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁶Eszterhazy Karoly University, Karoly Robert Campus, Gyongyos, Hungary
⁵⁷Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India
⁵⁸National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
⁵⁹Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁶⁰University of Delhi, Delhi, India
⁶¹Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata,India
⁶²Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Madras, India
⁶³Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
⁶⁴Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-A, Mumbai, India
⁶⁵Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-B, Mumbai, India
⁶⁶Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
⁶⁷Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
⁶⁸Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
⁶⁹University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
^70aINFN Sezione di Bari
^70bUniversità di Bari
^70cPolitecnico di Bari
^71aINFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^71bUniversità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^72aINFN Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
^72bUniversità di Catania, Catania, Italy
^73aINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
^73bUniversità di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
⁷⁴INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
^75aINFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
^75bUniversità di Genova, Genova, Italy
^76aINFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^76bUniversità di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^77aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
^77bUniversità di Napoli ’Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
^77cUniversità della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
^77dUniversità G. Marconi, Roma, Italy
^78aINFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
^78bUniversità di Padova, Padova, Italy
^78cUniversità di Trento, Trento, Italy
^79aINFN Sezione di Pavia
^79bUniversità di Pavia
^80aINFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^80bUniversità di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^81aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^81bUniversità di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^81cScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^82aINFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
^82bSapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
^83aINFN Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
^83bUniversità di Torino, Torino, Italy
^83cUniversità del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
^84aINFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
^84bUniversità di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁸⁵Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
⁸⁶Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea
⁸⁷Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
⁸⁸Korea University, Seoul, Korea
⁸⁹Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
⁹⁰Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
⁹¹Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
⁹²University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
⁹³Yonsei University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁴Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
⁹⁵Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
⁹⁶Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
⁹⁷National Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
⁹⁸Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Hermosillo, Mexico
⁹⁹Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰⁰Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰¹Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
¹⁰²Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
¹⁰³University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
¹⁰⁴University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
¹⁰⁵University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
¹⁰⁶National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹⁰⁷AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, Krakow, Poland
¹⁰⁸National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk, Poland
¹⁰⁹Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹⁰Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa, Portugal
¹¹¹Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
¹¹²Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (St. Petersburg), Russia
¹¹³Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
¹¹⁴Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Moscow, Russia
¹¹⁵Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
¹¹⁶National Research Nuclear University ’Moscow Engineering Physics Institute’ (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
¹¹⁷P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
¹¹⁸Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
¹¹⁹Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Novosibirsk, Russia
¹²⁰Institute for High Energy Physics of National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Protvino, Russia
¹²¹National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
¹²²Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
¹²³University of Belgrade: Faculty of Physics and VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
¹²⁴Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
¹²⁵Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
¹²⁶Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), Oviedo, Spain
¹²⁷Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
¹²⁸University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
¹²⁹University of Ruhuna, Department of Physics, Matara, Sri Lanka
¹³⁰CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
¹³¹Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
¹³²ETH Zurich—Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
¹³³Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
¹³⁴National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
¹³⁵National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
¹³⁶Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Bangkok, Thailand
¹³⁷Çukurova University, Physics Department, Science and Art Faculty, Adana, Turkey
¹³⁸Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey
¹³⁹Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴⁰Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴¹Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴²Institute for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine
¹⁴³National Scientific Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine
¹⁴⁴University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁵Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁶Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁷Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁸Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
¹⁴⁹Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
¹⁵⁰The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
¹⁵¹Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁵²Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
¹⁵³University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
¹⁵⁴University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
¹⁵⁵University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
¹⁵⁶University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
¹⁵⁷University of California, Santa Barbara—Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California, USA
¹⁵⁸California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
¹⁵⁹Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
¹⁶⁰University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
¹⁶¹Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
¹⁶²Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
¹⁶³University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁴Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁵Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁶Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁷University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA
¹⁶⁸The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
¹⁶⁹Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
¹⁷⁰The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
¹⁷¹Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
¹⁷²Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
¹⁷³University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
¹⁷⁴Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁷⁵University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
¹⁷⁶University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
¹⁷⁷University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
¹⁷⁸State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
¹⁷⁹Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁸⁰Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
¹⁸¹University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
¹⁸²The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
¹⁸³Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
¹⁸⁴University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
¹⁸⁵Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
¹⁸⁶Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana, USA
¹⁸⁷Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁸University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
¹⁸⁹Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
¹⁹⁰University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁹¹Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
¹⁹²Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
¹⁹³Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁹⁴University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
¹⁹⁵Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
¹⁹⁶University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, Wisconsin, USA

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
^cAlso at Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport.
^dAlso at Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
^eAlso at IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
^fAlso at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
^gAlso at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
^hAlso at UFMS.
ⁱAlso at Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
^jAlso at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
^kAlso at Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Moscow, Russia.
^lAlso at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.
^mAlso at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
ⁿAlso at British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
^oAlso at Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt.
^pAlso at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
^qAlso at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
^rAlso at Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey.
^sAlso at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland.
^tAlso at RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
^uAlso at University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
^vAlso at Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
^wAlso at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany.
^xAlso at Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
^yAlso at Institute of Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
^zAlso at Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University.
^aaAlso at Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary.
^bbAlso at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
^ccAlso at IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.
^ddAlso at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India.
^eeAlso at G.H.G. Khalsa College, Punjab, India.
^ffAlso at Shoolini University, Solan, India.
^ggAlso at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
^hhAlso at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.
ⁱⁱAlso at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mumbai, India.
^jjAlso at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.
^kkAlso at Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran.
^llAlso at INFN Sezione di Bari, Università di Bari, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy.
^mmAlso at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development.
ⁿⁿAlso at Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura Della Materia.
^ooAlso at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
^ppAlso at Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico.
^qqAlso at Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland.
^rrAlso at Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia.
^ssAlso at National Research Nuclear University ’Moscow Engineering Physics Institute’ (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia.
^ttAlso at St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
^uuAlso at University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
^vvAlso at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
^wwAlso at P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
^xxAlso at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
^yyAlso at Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
^zzAlso at Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy.
^aaaAlso at Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka.
^bbbAlso at INFN Sezione di Pavia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
^cccAlso at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
^dddAlso at Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
^eeeAlso at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Vienna, Austria.
^fffAlso at Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France.
^gggAlso at Ş𝚤rnak University.
^hhhAlso at Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
ⁱⁱⁱAlso at Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Science, Nicosia, Turkey.
^jjjAlso at Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^kkkAlso at Istanbul Aydin University, Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies (App. & Res. Cent. for Advanced Studies).
^lllAlso at Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
^mmmAlso at Piri Reis University, Istanbul, Turkey.
ⁿⁿⁿAlso at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
^oooAlso at Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^pppAlso at Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.
^qqqAlso at Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
^rrrAlso at Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü.
^sssAlso at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^tttAlso at Milli Savunma University.
^uuuAlso at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
^vvvAlso at Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^wwwAlso at Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
^xxxAlso at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.
^yyyAlso at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
^zzzAlso at IPPP Durham University.
^aaaaAlso at Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Australia.
^bbbbAlso at Bethel University, St. Paul, Minneapolis, USA.
^ccccAlso at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
^ddddAlso at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
^eeeeAlso at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey.
^ffffAlso at Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^ggggAlso at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey.
^hhhhAlso at Mimar Sinan University, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
ⁱⁱⁱⁱAlso at Nanjing Normal University Department of Physics.
^jjjjAlso at Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
^kkkkAlso at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 222001 – Published 24 November, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.222001

Abstract

Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions recreate in the laboratory the thermodynamical conditions prevailing in the early universe up to $10^{- 6} \sec$ , thereby allowing the study of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter with deconfined partons. The top quark, the heaviest elementary particle known, is accessible in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC, and constitutes a novel probe of the QGP. Here, we report the first evidence for the production of top quarks in nucleus-nucleus collisions, using lead-lead collision data at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment. Two methods are used to measure the cross section for top quark pair production ( $σ_{t \bar{t}}$ ) via the selection of charged leptons (electrons or muons) and bottom quarks. One method relies on the leptonic information alone, and the second one exploits, in addition, the presence of bottom quarks. The measured cross sections, $σ_{t \bar{t}} = 2.5 4_{- 0.74}^{+ 0.84}$ and ${2.03}_{- 0.64}^{+ 0.71} μ b$ , respectively, are compatible with expectations from scaled proton-proton data and QCD predictions.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 222001– Published 24 November, 2020

Vol. 125, Iss. 22 — 27 November 2020

Received 28 July 2020
Accepted 7 October 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.222001

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Evidence for Top Quark Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

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