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Gravitational-Wave Signatures of Nonstandard Neutrino Properties in Collapsing Stellar Cores

Jakob Ehring1,2,3, Sajad Abbar2, Hans-Thomas Janka3, Georg Raffelt2, Ko Nakamura4, and Kei Kotake4,5

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 021201 – Published 13 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/rv17-jm6g

Abstract

We present a novel multimessenger approach for probing nonstandard neutrino properties through the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from collapsing stellar cores and associated supernova explosions. We show that neutrino flavor conversion inside the proto-neutron star (PNS), motivated by physics beyond the standard model (BSM), can significantly boost PNS convection. This effect leads to large-amplitude GW emission over a wide frequency range during an otherwise relatively quiescent GW phase shortly after core bounce. Such a signal provides a promising new avenue for exploring nonstandard neutrino phenomena and other BSM physics impacting PNS convection.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 021201– Published 13 January, 2026
  • Received 3 December 2024
  • Revised 10 December 2025
  • Accepted 16 December 2025
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