• Accepted Paper

Enhanced coherence in the periodically driven two-dimensional XY model

Duilio De Santis, Marios H. Michael, Sambuddha Chattopadhyay, Andrea Cavalleri, Gil Refael, Patrick A. Lee, and Eugene A. Demler

Phys. Rev. Lett. - Accepted 13 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/p9t6-8nzn

Abstract

Strong optical drives have been shown to induce transient superconducting-like response in materials above their equilibrium Tc. Many of these materials already exhibit short-range superconducting correlations in equilibrium. This motivates the question: can external driving enhance coherence in systems with superconducting correlations but no long-range order? We explore this scenario in the two-dimensional XY model with a periodically modulated stiffness using overdamped Langevin dynamics. We find that, even though the modulation leaves the average coupling unchanged, the drive can markedly increase long-range, time-averaged correlations in systems well above the equilibrium Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless temperature. The outcome depends on the ratio of the drive frequency to the intrinsic relaxation rate: faster drives primarily heat the system, suppressing correlations and conductivity. For slower drives, the optical conductivity is modified so that the real part exhibits a prolonged effective Drude scattering time, while the imaginary part has a strengthened low-frequency 1/ω behavior. We map out these regimes across temperature, frequency, and amplitude, and rationalize them via simple analytics and vortex-thermalization arguments. Overall, we identify a generic nonequilibrium route to enhance coherence in XY-like systems, with potential relevance to experiments reporting light-induced superconducting-like response.

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