• Accepted Paper

Multiparameter estimation for the superresolution of two incoherent sources

Antonin Grateau, Alexander Boeschoten, Tanguy Favin-Lévêque, Isael Herrera, and Nicolas Treps

Phys. Rev. Lett. - Accepted 19 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/l15w-pswh

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous estimation of the three parameters characterizing a pair of incoherent optical sources in the sub-Rayleigh regime, enabling super-resolved scene characterization. Using spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) with two demultiplexers—one deliberately shifted—we determine separations well below the diffraction limit and achieve sensitive joint estimation of separation, centroid, and relative brightness over a broad range of scene configurations in a single experimental setting. We benchmark our performance using Fisher-information-based Cramér–Rao bounds, and discuss the corresponding quantum limits. We investigate two complementary scenarios: a realistic case with slightly non-identical sources, and an idealized case of indistinguishable sources.

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