• Accepted Paper

Black hole apparent horizons become comoving with the universe

Valerio Faraoni and Massimiliano Rinaldi

Phys. Rev. Lett. - Accepted 13 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cx16-vmpz

Abstract

It has been shown that static black hole event horizons cannot exist in time-dependent backgrounds without becoming naked singularities. In light of this, we are left with the question “how does a black hole horizon evolve in an expanding universe?” Here we offer a solution to this puzzle by showing that spherically symmetric black hole apparent horizons tend to become comoving, thus confirming the necessity of a cosmological coupling and raising intriguing possibilities for the early growth of black holes.

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