We report ultrafast dissociation of gas-phase water following photoexcitation above the O 1s ionization threshold. High-resolution resonant Auger spectroscopy reveals sharp constant-kinetic-energy features arising from nonradiative decay of neutral atomic oxygen formed within the O 1s core-hole lifetime. Comparison with ab initio Auger spectra identifies these features as transitions from the atomic (1s)^1(2s)2(2p)^5 ^1P state, demonstrating that neutral fragments can form in well-defined electronic states before Auger decay.