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    First Observation of Cyclotron Radiation from MeV-Scale e± following Nuclear β Decay

    W. Byron1,2, H. Harrington1,2, R. J. Taylor3,4, W. DeGraw1,2, N. Buzinsky1,2, B. Dodson1,2, M. Fertl5, A. García1,2, G. Garvey1,2 et al. (He6-CRES Collaboration)

    G. Garvey1,2, B. Graner1,2, M. Guigue6, L. Hayen3,4, X. Huyan6, K. S. Khaw1,2, K. Knutsen1,2, D. McClain7,8, D. Melconian7,8, P. Müller9, E. Novitski1,2, N. S. Oblath6, R. G. H. Robertson1,2, G. Rybka1,2, G. Savard9, E. Smith1,2, D. D. Stancil10, M. Sternberg1,2, D. W. Storm1,2, H. E. Swanson1,2, J. R. Tedeschi6, B. A. VanDevender6,1, F. E. Wietfeldt11, A. R. Young3,4, and X. Zhu1,2 (He6-CRES Collaboration)

    • 1Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    • 2Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    • 3Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
    • 4The Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
    • 5Institute for Physics, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
    • 6Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
    • 7Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
    • 8Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
    • 9Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
    • 10Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
    • 11Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 082502 – Published 23 August, 2023

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.082502

    Abstract

    We present an apparatus for detection of cyclotron radiation yielding a frequency-based β± kinetic energy determination in the 5 keV to 2.1 MeV range, characteristic of nuclear β decays. The cyclotron frequency of the radiating β particles in a magnetic field is used to determine the β energy precisely. Our work establishes the foundation to apply the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique, developed by the Project 8 Collaboration, far beyond the 18-keV tritium endpoint region. We report initial measurements of β−’s from He6 and β+’s from Ne19 decays to demonstrate the broadband response of our detection system and assess potential systematic uncertainties for β spectroscopy over the full (MeV) energy range. To our knowledge, this is the first direct observation of cyclotron radiation from individual highly relativistic β’s in a waveguide. This work establishes the application of CRES to a variety of nuclei, opening its reach to searches for new physics beyond the TeV scale via precision β-decay measurements.

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