Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation

    Spectator Leakage Suppression via Invariant Subspace Engineering for cz Gates in Superconducting Quantum Circuits

    Peng Wang1,2,3, Bin-Han Lu1,2, Tian-Le Wang1,2, Sheng Zhang1,2,3, Zhao-Yun Chen4, Hai-Feng Zhang1,2, Ren-Ze Zhao1,2, Xiao-Yan Yang1,2, Ze-An Zhao1,2 et al.

    Zhuo-Zhi Zhang1,2,3, Xiang-Xiang Song1,2,3, Yu-Chun Wu1,2,4, Peng Duan1,2,*, and Guo-Ping Guo1,2,5,†

    • *Contact author: pengduan@ustc.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: gpguo@ustc.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 100802 – Published 4 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zywf-twfv

    Abstract

    Spectator leakage poses a fundamental challenge to scalable quantum computing, particularly as frequency collisions become unavoidable in multiqubit processors. We introduce a leakage mitigation strategy based on dynamically reshaping the system Hamiltonian. Our technique utilizes a tunable coupler to enforce a block-diagonal structure on the effective Hamiltonian governing near-resonant spectator interactions, confining the gate dynamics to a two-dimensional invariant subspace and thus preventing leakage by construction. On a multiqubit superconducting processor, we experimentally demonstrate that this dynamic control scheme suppresses leakage rates to the order of 10−4, across a wide near-resonant detuning range and with up to three simultaneous spectator qubits. These results demonstrate a robust and scalable method that resolves the critical trade-off between dense frequency packing and high-fidelity gate operation. Our Letter establishes dynamic Hamiltonian engineering as an essential technology for building fault-tolerant quantum computers.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    Authorization Required

    We need you to provide your credentials before accessing this content.

    Supplemental Material (Subscription Required)

    References (Subscription Required)

    Outline

    Information

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation