Understanding the nonequilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems is a central goal of modern physics. Measuring genuine many-body correlations in quantum systems is central to this aim, while it remains a fundamental challenge for systems lacking individual addressability. We introduce a multidimensional correlation imprinting technique that encodes the structure of a many-body state into the temporal fluctuation spectrum of a local quantum probe. This allows direct measurement of arbitrary-order correlations in nonequilibrium quantum states. Using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond coupled to a ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ nuclear spin bath, we experimentally reconstruct many-body correlation landscape to third order. Furthermore, by analyzing the spectral structure of correlation cumulants, we directly visualize the dynamics of quantum entanglement. Our Letter establishes a general approach to probing complex nonequilibrium phenomena and entanglement in quantum many-body systems at the nanoscale.

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• NV centers
• Quantum correlations, foundations & formalism
• Quantum sensing
• Quantum many-body systems