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  • Open Access

New Framework for Classical Double Copies

Brian Kent and Aaron Zimmerman

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 141501 – Published 30 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xn1j-ddcc

Abstract

The double copy relates gauge and gravitational theories, with widespread application to quantum scattering amplitudes and classical perturbative results. It also connects exact classical solutions of Abelian gauge and gravitational theories in a small number of specific examples, known as classical double copies. These have a number of special properties, such as being algebraically special, and it remains an open question whether examples exist for algebraically general spacetimes or with nontrivial dynamics. Here, we provide a novel framework for understanding classical double copies at the level of the metric, both organizing the known examples and exploring their properties under a new lens. Utilizing Killing vectors as natural gauge fields on a spacetime, we propose a procedure for generating new classical double copies. As a proof of concept, we provide a flat-space single copy for the Kasner metric, an algebraically general spacetime. This example is also a double copy at the level of its curvature and provides the first type-I Weyl double copy on flat spacetime, confirming expectations from perturbation theory. This provides a promising avenue for extending exact double copies to a broader class of general, physically relevant spacetimes.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 141501– Published 30 September, 2025
  • Received 30 May 2025
  • Revised 5 September 2025
  • Accepted 11 September 2025
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