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    Real-Time Sign-Problem-Suppressed Quantum Monte Carlo Algorithm for Noisy Quantum Circuit Simulations

    Tong Shen1,2,3 and Daniel A. Lidar1,2,3,4,5

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 230601 – Published 9 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/wzcr-m8xb

    Abstract

    We present a real-time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm that simulates the dynamics of open quantum systems by stochastically compressing and evolving the density matrix under both Markovian and non-Markovian master equations. Our algorithm uses population dynamics to continuously suppress the sign problem, preventing its accumulation throughout the evolution for a broad class of noisy-circuit Liouvillians of practical and experimental interest. We apply it to a variety of quantum circuits and demonstrate significant speedups and scaling improvements over state-of-the-art quantum trajectory methods and convergence to exact solutions even in non-Markovian regimes where trajectory methods fail. Our approach improves the efficiency of classical simulation of gate-based quantum computing, quantum annealing, and general open system dynamics.

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