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    Dissipative Superfluidity in a Molecular Bose-Einstein Condensate

    Hongchao Li1,*,†, Xie-Hang Yu2,3,*,‡, Masaya Nakagawa1, and Masahito Ueda1,4,5,§

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: lhc@cat.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
    • ‡Contact author: xiehang.yu@mpq.mpg.de
    • §Contact author: ueda@cat.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 166001 – Published 14 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ww8r-sjhb

    Abstract

    Motivated by recent experimental realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of dipolar molecules, we develop superfluid transport theory for a dissipative BEC to show that a weak uniform two-body loss can induce phase rigidity, leading to superfluid transport of bosons without repulsive interactions. A generalized f-sum rule is shown to hold for a dissipative superfluid as a consequence of weak U(1) symmetry. We also demonstrate that dissipation enhances the stability of a molecular BEC with dipolar interactions. Possible experimental signatures of dissipative superfluidity are discussed.

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