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Probing Gluon Fluctuations in Nuclei with the First Energy-Dependent Measurement of Incoherent $J / ψ$ Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions

V. Chekhovsky¹, A. Hayrapetyan¹, V. Makarenko ¹, A. Tumasyan ^1,b, W. Adam ², J. W. Andrejkovic², L. Benato ², T. Bergauer ², S. Chatterjee ² et al. (CMS Collaboration)

S. Chatterjee ², K. Damanakis ², M. Dragicevic ², P. S. Hussain ², M. Jeitler ^2,c, N. Krammer ², A. Li ², D. Liko ², I. Mikulec ², J. Schieck ^2,c, R. Schöfbeck ^2,c, D. Schwarz ², M. Sonawane ², W. Waltenberger ², C.-E. Wulz ^2,c, T. Janssen ³, H. Kwon ³, T. Van Laer³, P. Van Mechelen ³, N. Breugelmans⁴, J. D’Hondt ⁴, S. Dansana ⁴, A. De Moor ⁴, M. Delcourt ⁴, F. Heyen⁴, Y. Hong ⁴, S. Lowette ⁴, I. Makarenko ⁴, D. Müller ⁴, S. Tavernier ⁴, M. Tytgat ^4,d, G. P. Van Onsem ⁴, S. Van Putte ⁴, D. Vannerom ⁴, B. Bilin ⁵, B. Clerbaux ⁵, A. K. Das⁵, I. De Bruyn ⁵, G. De Lentdecker ⁵, H. Evard ⁵, L. Favart ⁵, P. Gianneios ⁵, A. Khalilzadeh⁵, F. A. Khan ⁵, K. Lee ⁵, A. Malara ⁵, M. A. Shahzad⁵, L. Thomas ⁵, M. Vanden Bemden ⁵, C. Vander Velde ⁵, P. Vanlaer ⁵, M. De Coen ⁶, D. Dobur ⁶, G. Gokbulut ⁶, J. Knolle ⁶, L. Lambrecht ⁶, D. Marckx ⁶, K. Skovpen ⁶, N. Van Den Bossche ⁶, J. van der Linden ⁶, J. Vandenbroeck ⁶, L. Wezenbeek ⁶, S. Bein ⁷, A. Benecke ⁷, A. Bethani ⁷, G. Bruno ⁷, C. Caputo ⁷, J. De Favereau De Jeneret ⁷, C. Delaere ⁷, I. S. Donertas ⁷, A. Giammanco ⁷, A. O. Guzel ⁷, Sa. Jain ⁷, V. Lemaitre⁷, J. Lidrych ⁷, P. Mastrapasqua ⁷, T. T. Tran ⁷, S. Turkcapar ⁷, G. A. Alves ⁸, E. Coelho ⁸, G. Correia Silva ⁸, C. Hensel ⁸, T. Menezes De Oliveira ⁸, C. Mora Herrera ^8,e, P. Rebello Teles ⁸, M. Soeiro⁸, E. J. Tonelli Manganote ^8,f, A. Vilela Pereira ^8,e, W. L. Aldá Júnior ⁹, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ⁹, H. Brandao Malbouisson ⁹, W. Carvalho ⁹, J. Chinellato^9,g, E. M. Da Costa ⁹, G. G. Da Silveira ^9,h, D. De Jesus Damiao ⁹, S. Fonseca De Souza ⁹, R. Gomes De Souza⁹, T. Laux Kuhn ^9,h, M. Macedo ⁹, J. Martins ⁹, K. Mota Amarilo ⁹, L. Mundim ⁹, H. Nogima ⁹, J. P. Pinheiro ⁹, A. Santoro ⁹, A. Sznajder ⁹, M. Thiel ⁹, C. A. Bernardes ^10,h, L. Calligaris ¹⁰, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei¹⁰, E. M. Gregores ¹⁰, I. Maietto Silverio ¹⁰, P. G. Mercadante ¹⁰, S. F. Novaes ¹⁰, B. Orzari ¹⁰, Sandra S. Padula ¹⁰, V. Scheurer¹⁰, A. Aleksandrov ¹¹, G. Antchev ¹¹, R. Hadjiiska ¹¹, P. Iaydjiev ¹¹, M. Misheva ¹¹, M. Shopova ¹¹, G. Sultanov ¹¹, A. Dimitrov ¹², L. Litov ¹², B. Pavlov ¹², P. Petkov ¹², A. Petrov ¹², E. Shumka ¹², S. Keshri ¹³, D. Laroze ¹³, S. Thakur ¹³, T. Cheng ¹⁴, T. Javaid ¹⁴, L. Yuan ¹⁴, Z. Hu ¹⁵, Z. Liang¹⁵, J. Liu¹⁵, G. M. Chen ^16,i, H. S. Chen ^16,i, M. Chen ^16,i, F. Iemmi ¹⁶, C. H. Jiang¹⁶, A. Kapoor ^16,j, H. Liao ¹⁶, Z.-A. Liu ^16,k, R. Sharma ^16,l, J. N. Song^16,k, J. Tao ¹⁶, C. Wang ^16,i, J. Wang ¹⁶, Z. Wang ^16,i, H. Zhang ¹⁶, J. Zhao ¹⁶, A. Agapitos ¹⁷, Y. Ban ¹⁷, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira ¹⁷, S. Deng ¹⁷, B. Guo¹⁷, C. Jiang ¹⁷, A. Levin ¹⁷, C. Li ¹⁷, Q. Li ¹⁷, Y. Mao¹⁷, S. Qian¹⁷, S. J. Qian ¹⁷, X. Qin¹⁷, X. Sun ¹⁷, D. Wang ¹⁷, H. Yang¹⁷, Y. Zhao¹⁷, C. Zhou ¹⁷, S. Yang ¹⁸, Z. Ye ¹⁸, Z. You ¹⁹, K. Jaffel ²⁰, N. Lu ²⁰, G. Bauer^21,m, B. Li^21,n, H. Wang ²¹, K. Yi ^21,o, J. Zhang ²¹, Y. Li²², Z. Lin ²³, C. Lu ²³, M. Xiao ²³, C. Avila ²⁴, D. A. Barbosa Trujillo²⁴, A. Cabrera ²⁴, C. Florez ²⁴, J. Fraga ²⁴, J. A. 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Falke ⁴¹, U. Goerlach ⁴¹, R. Haeberle ⁴¹, A.-C. Le Bihan ⁴¹, M. Meena ⁴¹, O. Poncet ⁴¹, G. Saha ⁴¹, M. A. Sessini ⁴¹, P. Van Hove ⁴¹, P. Vaucelle ⁴¹, A. Di Florio ⁴², D. Amram⁴³, S. Beauceron ⁴³, B. Blancon ⁴³, G. Boudoul ⁴³, N. Chanon ⁴³, D. Contardo ⁴³, P. Depasse ⁴³, C. Dozen ^43,v, H. El Mamouni⁴³, J. Fay ⁴³, S. Gascon ⁴³, M. Gouzevitch ⁴³, C. Greenberg ⁴³, G. Grenier ⁴³, B. Ille ⁴³, E. Jourd‘huy⁴³, I. B. Laktineh⁴³, M. Lethuillier ⁴³, L. Mirabito⁴³, S. Perries⁴³, A. Purohit ⁴³, M. Vander Donckt ⁴³, P. Verdier ⁴³, J. Xiao ⁴³, I. Lomidze ⁴⁴, T. Toriashvili ^44,w, Z. Tsamalaidze ^44,p, V. Botta ⁴⁵, S. Consuegra Rodríguez ⁴⁵, L. Feld ⁴⁵, K. Klein ⁴⁵, M. Lipinski ⁴⁵, D. Meuser ⁴⁵, A. Pauls ⁴⁵, D. Pérez Adán ⁴⁵, N. Röwert ⁴⁵, M. Teroerde ⁴⁵, S. Diekmann ⁴⁶, A. Dodonova ⁴⁶, N. Eich ⁴⁶, D. Eliseev ⁴⁶, F. Engelke ⁴⁶, J. Erdmann ⁴⁶, M. Erdmann ⁴⁶, B. Fischer ⁴⁶, T. Hebbeker ⁴⁶, K. Hoepfner ⁴⁶, F. Ivone ⁴⁶, A. Jung ⁴⁶, M. y. Lee ⁴⁶, F. Mausolf ⁴⁶, M. Merschmeyer ⁴⁶, A. Meyer ⁴⁶, S. Mukherjee ⁴⁶, F. Nowotny⁴⁶, A. Pozdnyakov ⁴⁶, Y. Rath⁴⁶, W. Redjeb ⁴⁶, F. Rehm⁴⁶, H. Reithler ⁴⁶, V. Sarkisovi ⁴⁶, A. Schmidt ⁴⁶, C. Seth⁴⁶, A. Sharma ⁴⁶, J. L. Spah ⁴⁶, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo ^46,x, S. Wiedenbeck ⁴⁶, S. Zaleski⁴⁶, C. Dziwok ⁴⁷, G. Flügge ⁴⁷, T. Kress ⁴⁷, A. Nowack ⁴⁷, O. Pooth ⁴⁷, A. Stahl ⁴⁷, T. Ziemons ⁴⁷, A. Zotz ⁴⁷, H. Aarup Petersen ⁴⁸, M. Aldaya Martin ⁴⁸, J. Alimena ⁴⁸, S. Amoroso⁴⁸, Y. An ⁴⁸, J. Bach ⁴⁸, S. Baxter ⁴⁸, M. Bayatmakou ⁴⁸, H. Becerril Gonzalez ⁴⁸, O. Behnke ⁴⁸, A. Belvedere ⁴⁸, F. Blekman ^48,y, K. Borras ^48,z, A. Campbell ⁴⁸, A. Cardini ⁴⁸, F. Colombina ⁴⁸, M. De Silva ⁴⁸, G. Eckerlin⁴⁸, D. Eckstein ⁴⁸, L. I. Estevez Banos ⁴⁸, E. Gallo ^48,y, A. Geiser ⁴⁸, V. Guglielmi ⁴⁸, M. Guthoff ⁴⁸, A. Hinzmann ⁴⁸, L. Jeppe ⁴⁸, B. Kaech ⁴⁸, M. Kasemann ⁴⁸, C. Kleinwort ⁴⁸, R. Kogler ⁴⁸, M. Komm ⁴⁸, D. Krücker ⁴⁸, W. Lange⁴⁸, D. Leyva Pernia ⁴⁸, K. Lipka ^48,aa, W. Lohmann ^48,bb, F. Lorkowski ⁴⁸, R. Mankel ⁴⁸, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann ⁴⁸, M. 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Hwang ⁹⁵, B. Kim ⁹⁵, H. D. Yoo ⁹⁵, M. Choi ⁹⁶, M. R. Kim ⁹⁶, H. Lee⁹⁶, Y. Lee ⁹⁶, I. Yu ⁹⁶, T. Beyrouthy ⁹⁷, Y. Gharbia ⁹⁷, F. Alazemi ⁹⁸, K. Dreimanis ⁹⁹, A. Gaile ⁹⁹, C. Munoz Diaz ⁹⁹, D. Osite ⁹⁹, G. Pikurs⁹⁹, A. Potrebko ⁹⁹, M. Seidel ⁹⁹, D. Sidiropoulos Kontos ⁹⁹, N. R. Strautnieks ¹⁰⁰, M. Ambrozas ¹⁰¹, A. Juodagalvis ¹⁰¹, A. Rinkevicius ¹⁰¹, G. Tamulaitis ¹⁰¹, I. Yusuff ^102,ddd, Z. Zolkapli¹⁰², J. F. Benitez ¹⁰³, A. Castaneda Hernandez ¹⁰³, H. A. Encinas Acosta¹⁰³, L. G. Gallegos Maríñez¹⁰³, M. León Coello¹⁰³, J. A. Murillo Quijada ¹⁰³, A. Sehrawat ¹⁰³, L. Valencia Palomo ¹⁰³, G. Ayala ¹⁰⁴, H. Castilla-Valdez ¹⁰⁴, H. Crotte Ledesma¹⁰⁴, E. De La Cruz-Burelo ¹⁰⁴, I. Heredia-De La Cruz ^104,eee, R. Lopez-Fernandez ¹⁰⁴, J. Mejia Guisao ¹⁰⁴, A. Sánchez Hernández ¹⁰⁴, C. Oropeza Barrera ¹⁰⁵, D. L. Ramirez Guadarrama¹⁰⁵, M. Ramírez García ¹⁰⁵, I. Bautista ¹⁰⁶, F. E. Neri Huerta ¹⁰⁶, I. Pedraza ¹⁰⁶, H. A. Salazar Ibarguen ¹⁰⁶, C. Uribe Estrada ¹⁰⁶, I. Bubanja ¹⁰⁷, N. Raicevic ¹⁰⁷, P. 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Missiroli ^124,jjj, L. Noehte ^124,jjj, T. Rohe ¹²⁴, A. Samalan¹²⁴, T. K. Aarrestad ¹²⁵, M. Backhaus ¹²⁵, G. Bonomelli ¹²⁵, A. Calandri ¹²⁵, C. Cazzaniga ¹²⁵, K. Datta ¹²⁵, P. De Bryas Dexmiers D‘archiac ^125,iii, A. De Cosa ¹²⁵, G. Dissertori ¹²⁵, M. Dittmar¹²⁵, M. Donegà ¹²⁵, F. Eble ¹²⁵, M. Galli ¹²⁵, K. Gedia ¹²⁵, F. Glessgen ¹²⁵, C. Grab ¹²⁵, N. Härringer ¹²⁵, T. G. Harte¹²⁵, D. Hits ¹²⁵, W. Lustermann ¹²⁵, A.-M. Lyon ¹²⁵, R. A. Manzoni ¹²⁵, M. Marchegiani ¹²⁵, L. Marchese ¹²⁵, A. Mascellani ^125,iii, F. Nessi-Tedaldi ¹²⁵, F. Pauss ¹²⁵, V. Perovic ¹²⁵, S. Pigazzini ¹²⁵, B. Ristic ¹²⁵, R. Seidita ¹²⁵, J. Steggemann ^125,iii, A. Tarabini ¹²⁵, D. Valsecchi ¹²⁵, R. Wallny ¹²⁵, C. Amsler ^126,kkk, P. Bärtschi ¹²⁶, M. F. Canelli ¹²⁶, K. Cormier ¹²⁶, M. Huwiler ¹²⁶, W. Jin ¹²⁶, A. Jofrehei ¹²⁶, B. Kilminster ¹²⁶, S. Leontsinis ¹²⁶, S. P. Liechti ¹²⁶, A. Macchiolo ¹²⁶, P. Meiring ¹²⁶, F. Meng ¹²⁶, J. Motta ¹²⁶, A. Reimers ¹²⁶, P. Robmann¹²⁶, M. Senger ¹²⁶, E. Shokr¹²⁶, F. Stäger ¹²⁶, R. 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Hacisahinoglu ¹³⁵, I. Hos ^135,xxx, B. Kaynak ¹³⁵, S. Ozkorucuklu ¹³⁵, O. Potok ¹³⁵, H. Sert ¹³⁵, C. Simsek ¹³⁵, C. Zorbilmez ¹³⁵, S. Cerci ¹³⁶, B. Isildak ^136,yyy, D. Sunar Cerci ¹³⁶, T. Yetkin ¹³⁶, A. Boyaryntsev ¹³⁷, B. Grynyov ¹³⁷, L. Levchuk ¹³⁸, D. Anthony ¹³⁹, J. J. Brooke ¹³⁹, A. Bundock ¹³⁹, F. Bury ¹³⁹, E. Clement ¹³⁹, D. Cussans ¹³⁹, H. Flacher ¹³⁹, J. Goldstein ¹³⁹, H. F. Heath ¹³⁹, M.-L. Holmberg ¹³⁹, L. Kreczko ¹³⁹, S. Paramesvaran ¹³⁹, L. Robertshaw¹³⁹, V. J. Smith ¹³⁹, K. Walkingshaw Pass¹³⁹, A. H. Ball¹⁴⁰, K. W. Bell ¹⁴⁰, A. Belyaev ^140,zzz, C. Brew ¹⁴⁰, R. M. Brown ¹⁴⁰, D. J. A. Cockerill ¹⁴⁰, C. Cooke ¹⁴⁰, A. Elliot ¹⁴⁰, K. V. Ellis¹⁴⁰, K. Harder ¹⁴⁰, S. Harper ¹⁴⁰, J. Linacre ¹⁴⁰, K. Manolopoulos¹⁴⁰, D. M. Newbold ¹⁴⁰, E. Olaiya¹⁴⁰, D. Petyt ¹⁴⁰, T. Reis ¹⁴⁰, A. R. Sahasransu ¹⁴⁰, G. Salvi ¹⁴⁰, T. Schuh¹⁴⁰, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous ¹⁴⁰, I. R. Tomalin ¹⁴⁰, K. C. Whalen ¹⁴⁰, T. Williams ¹⁴⁰, I. Andreou ¹⁴¹, R. Bainbridge ¹⁴¹, P. Bloch ¹⁴¹, O. Buchmuller¹⁴¹, C. 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Lazarovits ¹⁶⁴, C. Le Mahieu ¹⁶⁴, J. Marquez ¹⁶⁴, M. Murray ¹⁶⁴, M. Nickel ¹⁶⁴, S. Popescu ^164,mmmm, C. Rogan ¹⁶⁴, C. Royon ¹⁶⁴, S. Sanders ¹⁶⁴, C. Smith ¹⁶⁴, G. Wilson ¹⁶⁴, B. Allmond ¹⁶⁵, R. Gujju Gurunadha ¹⁶⁵, A. Ivanov ¹⁶⁵, K. Kaadze ¹⁶⁵, Y. Maravin ¹⁶⁵, J. Natoli ¹⁶⁵, D. Roy ¹⁶⁵, G. Sorrentino ¹⁶⁵, A. Baden ¹⁶⁶, A. Belloni ¹⁶⁶, J. Bistany-riebman¹⁶⁶, Y. M. Chen ¹⁶⁶, S. C. Eno ¹⁶⁶, N. J. Hadley ¹⁶⁶, S. Jabeen ¹⁶⁶, R. G. Kellogg ¹⁶⁶, T. Koeth ¹⁶⁶, B. Kronheim¹⁶⁶, Y. Lai ¹⁶⁶, S. Lascio ¹⁶⁶, A. C. Mignerey ¹⁶⁶, S. Nabili ¹⁶⁶, C. Palmer ¹⁶⁶, C. Papageorgakis ¹⁶⁶, M. M. Paranjpe¹⁶⁶, E. Popova ^166,p, A. Shevelev ¹⁶⁶, L. Wang ¹⁶⁶, L. Zhang ¹⁶⁶, C. Baldenegro Barrera ¹⁶⁷, J. Bendavid ¹⁶⁷, S. Bright-Thonney ¹⁶⁷, I. A. Cali ¹⁶⁷, P. c. Chou ¹⁶⁷, M. D’Alfonso ¹⁶⁷, J. Eysermans ¹⁶⁷, C. Freer ¹⁶⁷, G. Gomez-Ceballos ¹⁶⁷, M. Goncharov¹⁶⁷, G. Grosso¹⁶⁷, P. Harris¹⁶⁷, D. Hoang¹⁶⁷, D. Kovalskyi ¹⁶⁷, J. Krupa ¹⁶⁷, L. Lavezzo ¹⁶⁷, Y.-J. Lee ¹⁶⁷, K. Long ¹⁶⁷, C. Mcginn ¹⁶⁷, A. Novak ¹⁶⁷, M. I. Park ¹⁶⁷, C. Paus ¹⁶⁷, C. Reissel ¹⁶⁷, C. Roland ¹⁶⁷, G. Roland ¹⁶⁷, S. Rothman ¹⁶⁷, G. S. F. Stephans ¹⁶⁷, Z. Wang¹⁶⁷, B. Wyslouch ¹⁶⁷, T. J. Yang ¹⁶⁷, B. Crossman ¹⁶⁸, C. Kapsiak ¹⁶⁸, M. Krohn ¹⁶⁸, D. Mahon ¹⁶⁸, J. Mans ¹⁶⁸, B. Marzocchi ¹⁶⁸, M. Revering ¹⁶⁸, R. Rusack ¹⁶⁸, R. Saradhy ¹⁶⁸, N. Strobbe ¹⁶⁸, K. Bloom ¹⁶⁹, D. R. Claes ¹⁶⁹, G. Haza ¹⁶⁹, J. Hossain ¹⁶⁹, C. Joo ¹⁶⁹, I. Kravchenko ¹⁶⁹, A. Rohilla ¹⁶⁹, J. E. Siado ¹⁶⁹, W. Tabb ¹⁶⁹, A. Vagnerini ¹⁶⁹, A. Wightman ¹⁶⁹, F. Yan ¹⁶⁹, D. Yu ¹⁶⁹, H. Bandyopadhyay ¹⁷⁰, L. Hay ¹⁷⁰, H. w. Hsia ¹⁷⁰, I. Iashvili ¹⁷⁰, A. Kalogeropoulos ¹⁷⁰, A. Kharchilava ¹⁷⁰, M. Morris ¹⁷⁰, D. Nguyen ¹⁷⁰, S. Rappoccio ¹⁷⁰, H. Rejeb Sfar¹⁷⁰, A. Williams ¹⁷⁰, P. Young ¹⁷⁰, G. Alverson ¹⁷¹, E. Barberis ¹⁷¹, J. Bonilla ¹⁷¹, B. Bylsma¹⁷¹, M. Campana ¹⁷¹, J. Dervan ¹⁷¹, Y. Haddad ¹⁷¹, Y. Han ¹⁷¹, I. Israr ¹⁷¹, A. Krishna ¹⁷¹, P. Levchenko ¹⁷¹, J. Li ¹⁷¹, M. Lu ¹⁷¹, R. Mccarthy ¹⁷¹, D. M. Morse ¹⁷¹, T. Orimoto ¹⁷¹, A. Parker ¹⁷¹, L. Skinnari ¹⁷¹, E. Tsai ¹⁷¹, D. Wood ¹⁷¹, S. Dittmer ¹⁷², K. A. Hahn ¹⁷², D. Li ¹⁷², Y. Liu ¹⁷², M. Mcginnis ¹⁷², Y. Miao ¹⁷², D. G. Monk ¹⁷², M. H. Schmitt ¹⁷², A. Taliercio ¹⁷², M. Velasco¹⁷², G. Agarwal ¹⁷³, R. Band ¹⁷³, R. Bucci¹⁷³, S. Castells ¹⁷³, A. Das ¹⁷³, R. Goldouzian ¹⁷³, M. Hildreth ¹⁷³, K. Hurtado Anampa ¹⁷³, T. Ivanov ¹⁷³, C. Jessop ¹⁷³, K. Lannon ¹⁷³, J. Lawrence ¹⁷³, N. Loukas ¹⁷³, L. Lutton ¹⁷³, J. Mariano¹⁷³, N. Marinelli¹⁷³, I. Mcalister¹⁷³, T. McCauley ¹⁷³, C. Mcgrady ¹⁷³, C. Moore ¹⁷³, Y. Musienko ^173,p, H. Nelson ¹⁷³, M. Osherson ¹⁷³, A. Piccinelli ¹⁷³, R. Ruchti ¹⁷³, A. Townsend ¹⁷³, Y. Wan¹⁷³, M. Wayne ¹⁷³, H. Yockey¹⁷³, M. Zarucki ¹⁷³, L. Zygala ¹⁷³, A. Basnet ¹⁷⁴, M. Carrigan ¹⁷⁴, L. S. Durkin ¹⁷⁴, C. Hill ¹⁷⁴, M. Joyce ¹⁷⁴, M. Nunez Ornelas ¹⁷⁴, K. Wei¹⁷⁴, D. A. Wenzl¹⁷⁴, B. L. Winer ¹⁷⁴, B. R. Yates ¹⁷⁴, H. Bouchamaoui ¹⁷⁵, K. Coldham¹⁷⁵, P. Das ¹⁷⁵, G. Dezoort ¹⁷⁵, P. Elmer ¹⁷⁵, P. Fackeldey ¹⁷⁵, A. Frankenthal ¹⁷⁵, B. Greenberg ¹⁷⁵, N. Haubrich ¹⁷⁵, K. Kennedy¹⁷⁵, G. Kopp ¹⁷⁵, S. Kwan ¹⁷⁵, D. Lange ¹⁷⁵, A. Loeliger ¹⁷⁵, D. Marlow ¹⁷⁵, I. Ojalvo ¹⁷⁵, J. Olsen ¹⁷⁵, F. Simpson ¹⁷⁵, D. Stickland ¹⁷⁵, C. Tully ¹⁷⁵, L. H. Vage¹⁷⁵, S. Malik ¹⁷⁶, R. Sharma¹⁷⁶, A. S. Bakshi ¹⁷⁷, S. Chandra ¹⁷⁷, R. Chawla ¹⁷⁷, A. Gu ¹⁷⁷, L. Gutay¹⁷⁷, M. Jones ¹⁷⁷, A. W. Jung ¹⁷⁷, A. M. Koshy¹⁷⁷, M. Liu ¹⁷⁷, G. Negro ¹⁷⁷, N. Neumeister ¹⁷⁷, G. Paspalaki ¹⁷⁷, S. Piperov ¹⁷⁷, J. F. Schulte ¹⁷⁷, A. K. Virdi ¹⁷⁷, F. Wang ¹⁷⁷, A. Wildridge ¹⁷⁷, W. Xie ¹⁷⁷, Y. Yao ¹⁷⁷, J. Dolen ¹⁷⁸, N. Parashar ¹⁷⁸, A. Pathak ¹⁷⁸, D. Acosta ¹⁷⁹, A. Agrawal ¹⁷⁹, T. Carnahan ¹⁷⁹, K. M. Ecklund ¹⁷⁹, P. J. Fernández Manteca¹⁷⁹, S. Freed¹⁷⁹, P. Gardner¹⁷⁹, F. J. M. Geurts ¹⁷⁹, X. Huang¹⁷⁹, I. Krommydas ¹⁷⁹, W. Li ¹⁷⁹, J. Lin ¹⁷⁹, O. Miguel Colin ¹⁷⁹, B. P. Padley ¹⁷⁹, R. Redjimi¹⁷⁹, J. Rotter ¹⁷⁹, E. Yigitbasi ¹⁷⁹, Y. Zhang ¹⁷⁹, A. Bodek ¹⁸⁰, P. de Barbaro ¹⁸⁰, R. Demina ¹⁸⁰, J. L. Dulemba ¹⁸⁰, A. Garcia-Bellido ¹⁸⁰, O. Hindrichs ¹⁸⁰, A. Khukhunaishvili ¹⁸⁰, N. Parmar ¹⁸⁰, P. Parygin ^180,p, R. Taus ¹⁸⁰, B. Chiarito¹⁸¹, J. P. Chou ¹⁸¹, S. V. Clark ¹⁸¹, D. Gadkari ¹⁸¹, Y. Gershtein ¹⁸¹, E. Halkiadakis ¹⁸¹, M. Heindl ¹⁸¹, C. Houghton ¹⁸¹, D. Jaroslawski ¹⁸¹, S. Konstantinou ¹⁸¹, I. Laflotte ¹⁸¹, A. Lath ¹⁸¹, R. Montalvo¹⁸¹, K. Nash¹⁸¹, J. Reichert ¹⁸¹, P. Saha ¹⁸¹, S. Salur ¹⁸¹, S. Schnetzer¹⁸¹, S. Somalwar ¹⁸¹, R. Stone ¹⁸¹, S. A. Thayil ¹⁸¹, S. Thomas¹⁸¹, J. Vora ¹⁸¹, D. Ally ¹⁸², A. G. Delannoy ¹⁸², S. Fiorendi ¹⁸², S. Higginbotham ¹⁸², T. Holmes ¹⁸², A. R. Kanuganti ¹⁸², N. Karunarathna ¹⁸², L. Lee ¹⁸², E. Nibigira ¹⁸², S. Spanier ¹⁸², D. Aebi ¹⁸³, M. Ahmad ¹⁸³, T. Akhter ¹⁸³, K. Androsov ^183,iii, O. Bouhali ^183,nnnn, R. Eusebi ¹⁸³, J. Gilmore ¹⁸³, T. Huang ¹⁸³, T. Kamon ^183,oooo, H. Kim ¹⁸³, S. Luo ¹⁸³, R. Mueller ¹⁸³, D. Overton ¹⁸³, A. Safonov ¹⁸³, N. Akchurin ¹⁸⁴, J. Damgov ¹⁸⁴, Y. Feng ¹⁸⁴, N. Gogate ¹⁸⁴, Y. Kazhykarim¹⁸⁴, K. Lamichhane ¹⁸⁴, S. W. Lee ¹⁸⁴, C. Madrid ¹⁸⁴, A. Mankel ¹⁸⁴, T. Peltola ¹⁸⁴, I. Volobouev ¹⁸⁴, E. Appelt ¹⁸⁵, Y. Chen ¹⁸⁵, S. Greene¹⁸⁵, A. Gurrola ¹⁸⁵, W. Johns ¹⁸⁵, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli ¹⁸⁵, A. Melo ¹⁸⁵, D. Rathjens ¹⁸⁵, F. Romeo ¹⁸⁵, P. Sheldon ¹⁸⁵, S. Tuo ¹⁸⁵, J. Velkovska ¹⁸⁵, J. Viinikainen ¹⁸⁵, B. Cardwell ¹⁸⁶, H. Chung¹⁸⁶, B. Cox ¹⁸⁶, J. Hakala ¹⁸⁶, R. Hirosky ¹⁸⁶, A. Ledovskoy ¹⁸⁶, C. Mantilla ¹⁸⁶, C. Neu ¹⁸⁶, C. Ramón Álvarez ¹⁸⁶, S. Bhattacharya ¹⁸⁷, P. E. Karchin ¹⁸⁷, A. Aravind ¹⁸⁸, S. Banerjee ¹⁸⁸, K. Black ¹⁸⁸, T. Bose ¹⁸⁸, E. Chavez ¹⁸⁸, S. Dasu ¹⁸⁸, P. Everaerts ¹⁸⁸, C. Galloni¹⁸⁸, H. He ¹⁸⁸, M. Herndon ¹⁸⁸, A. Herve ¹⁸⁸, C. K. Koraka ¹⁸⁸, A. Lanaro¹⁸⁸, R. Loveless ¹⁸⁸, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala ¹⁸⁸, A. Mallampalli ¹⁸⁸, A. Mohammadi ¹⁸⁸, S. Mondal¹⁸⁸, G. Parida ¹⁸⁸, L. Pétré ¹⁸⁸, D. Pinna¹⁸⁸, A. Savin¹⁸⁸, V. Shang ¹⁸⁸, V. Sharma ¹⁸⁸, W. H. Smith ¹⁸⁸, D. Teague¹⁸⁸, H. F. Tsoi ¹⁸⁸, W. Vetens ¹⁸⁸, A. Warden ¹⁸⁸, S. Afanasiev ¹⁸⁹, V. Alexakhin ¹⁸⁹, D. Budkouski ¹⁸⁹, I. Golutvin ^189,a, I. Gorbunov ¹⁸⁹, V. Karjavine ¹⁸⁹, O. Kodolova ^189,p,pppp, V. Korenkov ¹⁸⁹, A. Lanev ¹⁸⁹, A. Malakhov ¹⁸⁹, V. Matveev ^189,p, A. Nikitenko ^{189,pppp,qqqq}, V. Palichik ¹⁸⁹, V. Perelygin ¹⁸⁹, M. Savina ¹⁸⁹, V. Shalaev ¹⁸⁹, S. Shmatov ¹⁸⁹, S. Shulha ¹⁸⁹, V. Smirnov ¹⁸⁹, O. Teryaev ¹⁸⁹, N. Voytishin ¹⁸⁹, B. S. Yuldashev^189,a,rrrr, A. Zarubin ¹⁸⁹, I. Zhizhin ¹⁸⁹, G. Gavrilov ¹⁸⁹, V. Golovtcov ¹⁸⁹, Y. Ivanov ¹⁸⁹, V. Kim ^189,p, V. Murzin ¹⁸⁹, V. Oreshkin ¹⁸⁹, D. Sosnov ¹⁸⁹, V. Sulimov ¹⁸⁹, L. Uvarov ¹⁸⁹, A. Vorobyev^189,a, Yu. Andreev ¹⁸⁹, A. Dermenev ¹⁸⁹, S. Gninenko ¹⁸⁹, N. Golubev ¹⁸⁹, A. Karneyeu ¹⁸⁹, D. Kirpichnikov ¹⁸⁹, M. Kirsanov ¹⁸⁹, N. Krasnikov ¹⁸⁹, I. Tlisova ¹⁸⁹, A. Toropin ¹⁸⁹, T. Aushev ¹⁸⁹, K. Ivanov ¹⁸⁹, V. Gavrilov ¹⁸⁹, N. Lychkovskaya ¹⁸⁹, V. Popov ¹⁸⁹, A. Zhokin ¹⁸⁹, R. Chistov ^189,p, M. Danilov ^189,p, S. Polikarpov ^189,p, V. Andreev ¹⁸⁹, M. Azarkin ¹⁸⁹, M. Kirakosyan¹⁸⁹, A. Terkulov ¹⁸⁹, E. Boos ¹⁸⁹, A. Ershov ¹⁸⁹, A. Gribushin ¹⁸⁹, L. Khein ¹⁸⁹, V. Korotkikh¹⁸⁹, O. Lukina ¹⁸⁹, S. Petrushanko ¹⁸⁹, V. Savrin ¹⁸⁹, A. Snigirev ¹⁸⁹, I. Vardanyan ¹⁸⁹, V. Blinov^189,p, T. Dimova ^189,p, A. Kozyrev ^189,p, O. Radchenko ^189,p, Y. Skovpen ^189,p, V. Kachanov ¹⁸⁹, S. Slabospitskii ¹⁸⁹, A. Uzunian ¹⁸⁹, A. Babaev ¹⁸⁹, V. Borshch ¹⁸⁹, and D. Druzhkin ¹⁸⁹ (CMS Collaboration)

¹Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
²Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria
³Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
⁴Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
⁵Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
⁶Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
⁷Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
⁸Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁹Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
¹⁰Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
¹¹Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹²University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹³Instituto De Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7 D, Arica, Chile
¹⁴Beihang University, Beijing, China
¹⁵Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
¹⁶Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
¹⁷State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
¹⁸Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
¹⁹Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
²⁰University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
²¹Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
²²Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University, Shanghai, China
²³Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
²⁴Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
²⁵Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
²⁶University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split, Croatia
²⁷University of Split, Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
²⁸Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
²⁹University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
³⁰Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
³¹Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
³²Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
³³Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
³⁴Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
³⁵National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
³⁶Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
³⁷Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
³⁸Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
³⁹IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴⁰Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
⁴¹Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
⁴²Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France
⁴³Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁴Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
⁴⁵RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁶RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁷RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁸Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
⁴⁹University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
⁵⁰Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
⁵¹Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
⁵²National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵³National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁴University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, Greece
⁵⁵HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁶MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁷Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁸HUN-REN ATOMKI - Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁹Karoly Robert Campus, MATE Institute of Technology, Gyongyos, Hungary
⁶⁰Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁶¹University of Delhi, Delhi, India
⁶²Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
⁶³Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Madras, India
⁶⁴Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-A, Mumbai, India
⁶⁵Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-B, Mumbai, India
⁶⁶National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
⁶⁷Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
⁶⁸Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
⁶⁹Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
⁷⁰University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
^71aINFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
^71bUniversità di Bari, Bari, Italy
^71cPolitecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
^72aINFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^72bUniversità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^73aINFN Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
^73bUniversità di Catania, Catania, Italy
^74aINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
^74bUniversità di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
⁷⁵INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
^76aINFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
^76bUniversità di Genova, Genova, Italy
^77aINFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^77bUniversità di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^78aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
^78bUniversità di Napoli ’Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
^78cUniversità della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
^78dScuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Napoli, Italy
^79aINFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
^79bUniversità di Padova, Padova, Italy
^79cUniversità di Trento, Trento, Italy
^80aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^80bUniversità di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^81aINFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^81bUniversità di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^82aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^82bUniversità di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^82cScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^82dUniversità di Siena, Siena, Italy
^83aINFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
^83bSapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
^84aINFN Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
^84bUniversità di Torino, Torino, Italy
^84cUniversità del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
^85aINFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
^85bUniversità di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁸⁶Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
⁸⁷Department of Mathematics and Physics - GWNU, Gangneung, Korea
⁸⁸Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea
⁸⁹Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁰Korea University, Seoul, Korea
⁹¹Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
⁹²Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
⁹³Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁴University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁵Yonsei University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁶Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
⁹⁷College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Dasman, Kuwait
⁹⁸Kuwait University - College of Science - Department of Physics, Safat, Kuwait
⁹⁹Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
¹⁰⁰University of Latvia (LU), Riga, Latvia
¹⁰¹Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
¹⁰²National Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
¹⁰³Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Hermosillo, Mexico
¹⁰⁴Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰⁵Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰⁶Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
¹⁰⁷University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
¹⁰⁸University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
¹⁰⁹National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹¹⁰AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
¹¹¹National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk, Poland
¹¹²Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹³Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹⁴Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa, Portugal
¹¹⁵Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹¹⁶VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹¹⁷Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
¹¹⁸Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
¹¹⁹Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), Oviedo, Spain
¹²⁰Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
¹²¹University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
¹²²University of Ruhuna, Department of Physics, Matara, Sri Lanka
¹²³CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
¹²⁴PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Villigen, Switzerland
¹²⁵ETH Zurich - Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
¹²⁶Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
¹²⁷National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
¹²⁸National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
¹²⁹High Energy Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
¹³⁰Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
¹³¹Çukurova University, Physics Department, Science and Art Faculty, Adana, Turkey
¹³²Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey
¹³³Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁴Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁵Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁶Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁷Institute for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹³⁸National Science Centre, Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹³⁹University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁰Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
¹⁴¹Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
¹⁴²Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
¹⁴³Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
¹⁴⁴Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
¹⁴⁵The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
¹⁴⁶Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁴⁷Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
¹⁴⁸University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
¹⁴⁹University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
¹⁵⁰University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
¹⁵¹University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
¹⁵²University of California, Santa Barbara - Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California, USA
¹⁵³California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
¹⁵⁴Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
¹⁵⁵University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
¹⁵⁶Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
¹⁵⁷Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
¹⁵⁸University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
¹⁵⁹Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁰Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
¹⁶¹University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
¹⁶²The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
¹⁶³Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
¹⁶⁴The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
¹⁶⁵Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
¹⁶⁶University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
¹⁶⁷Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁶⁸University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
¹⁶⁹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
¹⁷⁰State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
¹⁷¹Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁷²Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
¹⁷³University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
¹⁷⁴The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
¹⁷⁵Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
¹⁷⁶University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
¹⁷⁷Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
¹⁷⁸Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana, USA
¹⁷⁹Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁰University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
¹⁸¹Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
¹⁸²University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁸³Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁴Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁵Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁸⁶University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
¹⁸⁷Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
¹⁸⁸University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
¹⁸⁹An institute or international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

^*Full author list given at the end of the Letter.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.
^cAlso at TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
^dAlso at Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
^eAlso at Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
^fAlso at FACAMP—Faculdades de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
^gAlso at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
^hAlso at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
ⁱAlso at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
^jAlso at China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing, China.
^kAlso at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
^lAlso at China Spallation Neutron Source, Guangdong, China.
^mAlso at Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
ⁿAlso at University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
^oAlso at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
^pAlso at Another institute or international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^qAlso at Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
^rAlso at Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
^sAlso at British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
^tAlso at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
^uAlso at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
^vAlso at Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^wAlso at Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^xAlso at The University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
^yAlso at University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
^zAlso at RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
^aaAlso at Bergische University Wuppertal (BUW), Wuppertal, Germany.
^bbAlso at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany.
^ccAlso at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany.
^ddAlso at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland.
^eeAlso at HUN-REN ATOMKI—Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary.
^ffAlso at Universitatea Babes-Bolyai—Facultatea de Fizica, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
^ggAlso at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
^hhAlso at HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.
ⁱⁱAlso at Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
^jjAlso at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
^kkAlso at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.
^llAlso at Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India.
^mmAlso at Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
ⁿⁿAlso at IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.
^ooAlso at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India.
^ppAlso at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
^qqAlso at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.
^rrAlso at Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
^ssAlso at Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
^ttAlso at Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran.
^uuAlso at Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, ARAK, Iran.
^vvAlso at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Bologna, Italy.
^wwAlso at Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura Della Materia, Catania, Italy.
^xxAlso at Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, Italy.
^yyAlso at Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Napoli, Italy.
^zzAlso at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA.
^aaaAlso at Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.
^bbbAlso at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Perugia, Italy.
^cccAlso at Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France.
^dddAlso at Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
^eeeAlso at Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico.
^fffAlso at Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Nilaveli, Sri Lanka.
^gggAlso at Saegis Campus, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
^hhhAlso at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
ⁱⁱⁱAlso at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
^jjjAlso at Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
^kkkAlso at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Vienna, Austria.
^lllAlso at Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France.
^mmmAlso at Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Science, Mersin, Turkey.
ⁿⁿⁿAlso at Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
^oooAlso at Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey.
^pppAlso at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
^qqqAlso at Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü, Yozgat, Turkey.
^rrrAlso at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^sssAlso at Milli Savunma University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^tttAlso at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
^uuuAlso at Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^vvvAlso at Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
^wwwAlso at Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey.
^xxxAlso at Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
^yyyAlso at Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^zzzAlso at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
^aaaaAlso at IPPP Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
^bbbbAlso at Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Australia.
^ccccAlso at Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
^ddddAlso at Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
^eeeeAlso at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
^ffffAlso at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
^ggggAlso at United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, USA.
^hhhhAlso at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
ⁱⁱⁱⁱAlso at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey.
^jjjjAlso at Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^kkkkAlso at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey.
^llllAlso at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
^mmmmAlso at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania.
ⁿⁿⁿⁿAlso at Texas A and M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
^ooooAlso at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
^ppppAlso at Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia.
^qqqqAlso at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
^rrrrAlso at Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 112301 – Published 9 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/w9kp-f8xr

Abstract

Incoherent $J / ψ$ photoproduction in heavy ion ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) provides a sensitive probe of localized, fluctuating gluonic structures within heavy nuclei. This Letter reports the first measurement of the photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy ( $W_{γ N}$ ) dependence of this process in PbPb UPCs at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, using $1.52 {nb}^{- 1}$ of data recorded by the CMS experiment. The measurement covers a wide $W_{γ N}$ range of $\approx 40 - 400 GeV$ , probing gluons carrying a fraction $x$ of nucleon momentum down to an unexplored regime of $6.5 \times 10^{- 5}$ . Compared to baseline predictions neglecting nuclear effects, the measured cross sections exhibit significantly greater suppression at lower $x$ . Additionally, the ratio of incoherent to coherent photoproduction is found to be constant across the probed $W_{γ N}$ and $x$ range, disfavoring the establishment of the black disk limit. This Letter provides critical insights into the $x$ -dependent evolution of fluctuating gluonic structures within nuclei and calls for further advancements in theoretical models incorporating nuclear shadowing and gluon saturation.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 112301– Published 9 September, 2025

Vol. 135, Iss. 11 — 12 September 2025

Received 11 March 2025
Revised 8 July 2025
Accepted 29 July 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/w9kp-f8xr

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by CERN.

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Probing Gluon Fluctuations in Nuclei with the First Energy-Dependent Measurement of Incoherent $J / ψ$ Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions

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Probing Gluon Fluctuations in Nuclei with the First Energy-Dependent Measurement of Incoherent J/ψ Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions

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References (71)

Probing Gluon Fluctuations in Nuclei with the First Energy-Dependent Measurement of Incoherent $J / ψ$ Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions