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  • Featured in Physics

Extreme Violations of Leggett-Garg Inequalities for a System Evolving under Superposition of Unitaries

Arijit Chatterjee1,*,†, H. S. Karthik2,*,‡, T. S. Mahesh1,§, and A. R. Usha Devi3,∥

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: arijitchattopadhyay01@gmail.com
  • ‡Contact author: hsk1729@gmail.com
  • §Contact author: tsmahesh@gmail.com
  • ∥Contact author: ushadevi@bub.ernet.in

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 220202 – Published 24 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vydp-9qqq

Abstract

The violation of Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI) indicates general temporal correlations in quantum systems that cannot be explained classically. Under unitary dynamics and projective measurements, the violation of LGI is restricted up to the temporal Tsirelson’s bound (TTB). Here, we consider superposition of unitary time evolutions and find them to produce an enhancement in the violation of LGI beyond the TTB, growing monotonically with increasing superposition. We experimentally realize superposition of unitaries in NMR systems and demonstrate this enhanced violation. In the presence of noise, such superposition of unitaries remarkably extend the time of LGI violation, showcasing improved robustness against decoherence. This opens up possibilities of employing such nontrivial dynamical maps for robust quantum control, along with provoking research on characterizing correlations in general sequential measurement scenarios.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Viewpoint

Melting Temporal Limits with Quantum Dynamics

Published 24 November, 2025

Extending the superposition principle to the time domain gives rise to enhanced correlations that exceed a theoretical quantum limit—a result that could inspire new forms of quantum control.

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