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    Giant Reversible Piezoelectricity from Symmetry-Governed Stochastic Dipole Hopping

    Denan Li1,2, Haofei Ni3, Yi Zhang3, and Shi Liu2,4,*

    • 1Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
    • 2Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
    • 3Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
    • 4Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China

    • *Contact author: liushi@westlake.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 016801 – Published 2 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vxdj-zpy3

    Abstract

    Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with giant piezoelectric responses, exemplified by TMCM−CdCl3, represent a promising platform for flexible and environmentally friendly electromechanical materials. However, the microscopic origin of such exceptional performance in this weakly polar system has remained elusive. Here, using deep-learning-assisted large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we resolve this paradox by reproducing a giant piezoelectric coefficient of ≈211  pC/N and demonstrating that it arises from the collective contribution of multiple intrinsic components, particularly the shear component d15. This effect does not stem from conventional polarization rotation or phase switching, but instead originates from stochastic 120° in-plane rotational hopping of a small fraction of organic cations. This discrete hopping mechanism is governed by the local C3-symmetric halogen-bonding network between the host framework and the guest cation. The Arrhenius-type temperature dependence of d15 further confirms the role of thermally activated dipole hopping. This Letter provides a clear pathway to enhance piezoelectric performance of hybrid materials through rational engineering of host-guest interactions.

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