Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation

    Search for Double Beta Decays of Xe134 with EXO-200 Phase II

    S. Al Kharusi1,a, G. Anton2, I. Badhrees3,b, P. S. Barbeau4, V. Belov5,ff, T. Bhatta6,c, M. Breidenbach7, T. Brunner1,8, G. F. Cao9 et al. (EXO-200 Collaboration)

    G. F. Cao9, W. R. Cen9,d, C. Chambers1, B. Cleveland10,e, M. Coon11, A. Craycraft12, T. Daniels13, L. Darroch1,f, S. J. Daugherty14,g, J. Davis7, S. Delaquis7,h, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian10,i, R. DeVoe15, A. Dolgolenko5,ff, M. J. Dolinski16, J. Echevers11,j, B. Eckert16, W. Fairbank, Jr.12, D. Fairbank12, J. Farine10, S. Feyzbakhsh17, P. Fierlinger18, Y. S. Fu9, D. Fudenberg15,k, P. Gautam16,l, R. Gornea3,8, G. Gratta15, C. Hall19, E. V. Hansen16,m, J. Hoessl2, P. Hufschmidt2, M. Hughes20, A. Iverson12, A. Jamil21,n, C. Jessiman3, M. J. Jewell15,f, A. Johnson7, A. Karelin5,ff, L. J. Kaufman7,o, T. Koffas3, R. Krücken8,p, A. Kuchenkov5,ff, K. S. Kumar17, Y. Lan8, A. Larson6, B. G. Lenardo15,q, D. S. Leonard22, G. S. Li9, S. Li11,r, Z. Li23, C. Licciardi24, Y. H. Lin16,s, R. MacLellan6,c, T. McElroy1,t, T. Michel2, B. Mong7, D. C. Moore21, K. Murray1,u, O. Njoya25, O. Nusair20,v, A. Odian7, I. Ostrovskiy9, H. Peltz Smalley17, A. Perna10, A. Piepke20, A. Pocar17, F. Retière8, A. L. Robinson10, P. C. Rowson7, S. Schmidt2, D. Sinclair3,8, K. Skarpaas7, A. K. Soma16,w, V. Stekhanov5,ff, M. Tarka17,x, S. Thibado17, J. Todd12, T. Tolba9,y, T. I. Totev1, R. Tsang20,z, B. Veenstra3, V. Veeraraghavan20,aa, P. Vogel26, J.-L. Vuilleumier27, M. Wagenpfeil2, J. Watkins3, M. Weber15,bb, L. J. Wen9, U. Wichoski10, G. Wrede2, S. X. Wu15,cc, Q. Xia21,dd, D. R. Yahne12, L. Yang28, Y.-R. Yen16,ee, O. Ya. Zeldovich5,ff, and T. Ziegler2 (EXO-200 Collaboration)

    • 1Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
    • 2Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
    • 3Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
    • 4Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
    • 5Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics Named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow 117218, Russia
    • 6Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
    • 7SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
    • 8TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
    • 9Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
    • 10Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
    • 11Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
    • 12Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
    • 13Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
    • 14Physics Department and CEEM, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
    • 15Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    • 16Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
    • 17Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
    • 18Technische Universität München, Physikdepartment and Excellence Cluster Universe, Garching 80805, Germany
    • 19Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    • 20Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
    • 21Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
    • 22IBS Center for Underground Physics, Daejeon 34126, Korea
    • 23Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
    • 24Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
    • 25Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
    • 26Kellogg Lab, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
    • 27LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
    • 28Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA

    • aPresent address: Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
    • bPermanent address: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    • cPresent address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
    • dPresent address: Witmem Technology Co., Ltd., No. 56 Beisihuan West Road, Beijing, China.
    • eAlso at SNOLAB, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
    • fPresent address: Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
    • gPresent address: Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
    • hDeceased.
    • iPresent address: Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Paris, France.
    • jPresent address: University of California Berkeley, Department of Nuclear Engineering, California 94720, USA.
    • kPresent address: Qventus, 2261 Market Street No. 5023, San Francisco, California 94114, USA.
    • lPresent address: Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
    • mPresent address: Department of Physics, Diablo Valley College, Pleasant Hill, California 94523, USA.
    • nPresent address: Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
    • oAlso at Physics Department and CEEM, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
    • pPresent address: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
    • qPresent address: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
    • rPresent address: Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
    • sPresent address: United States Air Force, Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, New Jersey 08640, USA.
    • tAlso at PulseMedica, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
    • uPresent address: Introspect Technology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
    • vPresent address: NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes, LLC, Beloit, Wisconsin 53511, USA.
    • wPresent address: Mirion Technologies, Inc., Meriden, Connecticut 06450, USA.
    • xPresent address: Bluefors, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
    • yPresent address: Institute for Experimental Physics, Hamburg University, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
    • zPresent address: Canon Medical Research US Inc., Vernon Hills, Illinois, USA.
    • aaPresent address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
    • bbPresent address: EarthDaily Analytics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
    • ccPresent address: Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.
    • ddPresent address: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
    • eePresent address: Los Angeles, California 90025, USA.
    • ffPresent address: Division of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow 123182, Russia.

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 232502 – Published 9 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vpny-23wq

    Abstract

    EXO-200 was a leading double beta decay experiment consisting of a single-phase, enriched liquid xenon time projection chamber filled with an admixture of 80.672% Xe136 and 19.098% Xe134. The detector operated at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant between 2010 and 2018 and was designed to search for double beta decay of Xe136. Data were acquired in two phases separated by a period of detector upgrades. We report on the search for 0νββ and 2νββ decay of Xe134 with Phase II EXO-200 data, with median 90% CL exclusion sensitivity to half-life T1/20ν≥3.7×1023  yr and T1/22ν≥2.6×1021  yr, respectively. No statistically significant signal is observed for either decay mode. We set a world-leading lower limit on the half-life of the neutrinoless decay mode of Xe134 of T1/20ν≥8.7×1023 (90% CL) and the second strongest constraint on the two-neutrino decay of T1/22ν≥2.9×1021 (90% CL), a threefold improvement over the EXO-200 Phase I measurement. New constraints are also set for the 2νββ and 0νββ decays of Xe134 to the lowest excited state of Ba134.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    Authorization Required

    We need you to provide your credentials before accessing this content.

    Supplemental Material (Subscription Required)

    References (Subscription Required)

    Outline

    Information

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation