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    Universal Closed Form for Dynamical Love Numbers of Black Holes

    Mikhail P. Solon

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 161401 – Published 14 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vhwf-vg84

    Abstract

    Black hole static Love numbers vanish, but their dynamical counterparts do not. We present the entire scheme-independent dynamical response F¯ℓ,s of a Schwarzschild black hole in closed form, to all orders in G, and for every spin s and multipole ℓ. The result is F¯ℓ,s/4πRS2ℓ+1=Φℓ,s(y¯)−12ηΦℓ,s′(y¯) with y¯=−12η2τ and η=iωRS. Here Φℓ,s is simply the leading-log solution to the renormalization group equation, but lifting the running logarithm to τ=log(RS/R)−2∑k≥2ζkηk−1 resums it to all orders. This tower of Riemann ζ values is the Newtonian phase in disguise: it originates from the long-range 1/r potential in the far zone, and is universal across multipole and spin. Our result exhibits a factorization pinned to three ingredients: the strength of horizon absorption, the running rate in the near zone, and the dressed logarithm in the far zone. Using shell effective field theory, we independently verify our formula for scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational perturbations, reaching O(G15).

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