Microwave Electrometry with Quantum-Limited Resolutions in a Rydberg-Atom Array
Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 110802 – Published 17 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/v5nm-xwp5
Abstract
Microwave (MW) field sensing is foundational to modern technology, yet its evolution, reliant on classical antennas, is constrained by fundamental physical limits on field, temporal, and spatial resolutions. Here, we demonstrate a MW electrometry that simultaneously surpasses these constraints by using individual Rydberg atoms in an optical tweezer array as coherent sensors. This approach achieves a field sensitivity within 1.0 dB (13%) of the standard quantum limit, a response time that exceeds the Chu limit by more than 11 orders of magnitude, and in situ near-field mapping with spatial resolution. This Letter establishes Rydberg-atom arrays as a powerful platform that unites quantum-limited sensitivity, nanosecond-scale response time, and submicrometer resolution, opening new avenues in quantum metrology and precision electromagnetic field imaging.