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    Geometry-Driven Lattice of Photonic Spin-Meron Tubes in Free Space

    Anand Hegde1, Komal Gupta1, Yanan Dai2,3,4, and Chen-Bin Huang1,*

    • *Contact author: robin@ee.nthu.edu.tw

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 126601 – Published 25 March, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/rsyn-vysg

    Abstract

    We theoretically demonstrate the first photonic spin-meron tube lattice in free space using spin-angular momentum vectors. Square-block diffraction creates C4-symmetric beams with π/2 phase steps. Nonparaxial spin-orbit coupling then forms finite-length meron tubes (Nsk≈±1/2), whose length is dependent on diffractive element dimensions. Extending the geometry driven formalism, we show that C3 geometry of triangular block yields spin-skyrmion tubes while effective moiré bilayer results in spin twistronics in free space without the need of strong near-field confinement. Stratton-Chu theory and full-vectorial finite-difference time-domain calculations both support this material-agnostic geometric driven approach as a platform to explore the symmetry-driven free-space topology.

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