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    Exchange Interaction in an InSb Quantum Well Measured with Landau-Level Tunneling Spectroscopy

    S. K. Clowes1, C. P. Allford2, D. Shearer1, G. V. Smith2, R. Simmons1, B. N. Murdin1, U. Zeitler3,4, and P. D. Buckle2

    • 1Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
    • 2School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen’s Buildings, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
    • 3High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    • 4Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 146301 – Published 29 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/rr3f-3zhd

    Abstract

    We studied InSb quantum well devices using Landau-level tunneling spectroscopy through a three-terminal differential conductance technique. This method is similar to filled-state scanning tunneling microscopy but uses a stationary contact instead of a mobile tip to analyze the two-dimensional electron system. Applying magnetic fields up to 15 T, we identified clear peaks in the differential current-voltage profiles, indicative of Landau-level formation. By examining deviations from the expected Landau fan diagram, we extract an absolute value for the exchange-induced energy shift. Through an empirical analysis, we derive a formula describing the exchange shift as a function of both magnetic field strength and electron filling. Our findings indicate that the emptying of the ν=2 and ν=3 Landau levels causes an exchange interaction energy shift in the ν=1 level. Unlike prior studies that infer level energies relative to one another and report oscillatory g-factor behavior, our method references the energy of the Landau levels above the filled states of the contact under a bias voltage, revealing that only the ground state Landau level experiences a measurable exchange shift.

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