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Cluster-Decorated Lieb Lattice: A Convenient and Reliable Platform for Tuning Flat-Band Energy

H. T. Li1,*, W. L. Fan1,*, Z. X. Zhang1, R. G. Yan1, T. Z. Ji1, S. Y. Wang1, L. Sun1, G. Chen1, B. F. Miao1 et al.

H. F. Ding1,2,3,†

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: hfding@nju.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 176401 – Published 20 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/rm6q-k54p

Abstract

Combining tight-binding theory, atom manipulation, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we demonstrate a quasicontinuous tuning of the flat-band energy in cluster-decorated Lieb lattices. By substituting the edge sites of Lieb lattices with tunable, rhombus-shaped four-site clusters, the emergent flat bands inherit the eigenenergies of the clusters and can be smoothly and predictably adjusted over a wide range, as verified experimentally with Fe atomic lattices on Ag(111). Our approach enables precise alignment of the flat-band energy with the Fermi level while preserving graph connectivity, providing a convenient and reliable platform for exploring emerging phenomena in quantum materials.

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synopsis

Tuning Flat Bands

Published 20 October, 2026

Flat bands harbor exotic electron physics. A new way of realizing them could make the physics more accessible.

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