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    Experimental Measurement-Device-Independent Verification of Continuous-Variable Entanglement

    Xutong Wang1, Jing Fu1, and Jietai Jing1,2,3,*

    • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
    • 2CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
    • 3Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China

    • *Contact author: jtjing@phy.ecnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 150201 – Published 8 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/rk3t-69tb

    Abstract

    Quantum entanglement serves as an essential resource for quantum information technology. In many realistic quantum information tasks, it is necessary to reliably verify entanglement even when the measurement devices are unreliable. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate measurement-device-independent verification of continuous-variable (CV) entanglement. We show that the conventional CV entanglement witness may falsely identify a separable state as a CV entangled state when the measurement devices are unreliable. To eliminate such need for trusted measurement devices, we implement a measurement-device-independent entanglement witness for verifying CV entanglement and demonstrate its resilience against local oscillator power and phase modifications. Our Letter sheds light on advancing high-security quantum information processing and its practical implementation in quantum networks.

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