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    Mixing of Surface and Bulk Optical Nonlinearities via Surface Plasmon Polaritons

    Guy Sayer1,*, Matan Iluz1,*, Amit Kam2, and Guy Bartal1,†

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: guy@ee.technion.ac.il

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 106901 – Published 2 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qs45-4rqd

    Abstract

    We present controlled interplay between the surface second-order and bulk third-order nonlinearities of gold, utilizing wave mixing between surface plasmons on the metal-air interface and free-space photons. By tuning the nonlinear interactions, we demonstrate experimentally that photons emerging from these inherently different mechanisms can interfere, while both their relative amplitude and phase are controlled solely by the pump beam. These results provide a foundation for engineering plasmonic nonlinearities and open new possibilities for quantum photonic applications.

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