Open Access

Direct Multimodel Dark Matter Search with Gravitational-Wave Interferometers Using Data from the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

A. G. Abac ¹, I. Abouelfettouh², F. Acernese^3,4, K. Ackley ⁵, C. Adamcewicz ⁶, S. Adhicary ⁷, D. Adhikari^8,9, N. Adhikari ¹⁰, R. X. Adhikari ¹¹ et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, and KAGRA Collaboration)

R. X. Adhikari ¹¹, V. K. Adkins¹², S. Afroz ¹³, A. Agapito¹⁴, D. Agarwal ¹⁵, M. Agathos ¹⁶, N. Aggarwal¹⁷, S. Aggarwal¹⁸, O. D. Aguiar ¹⁹, I.-L. Ahrend²⁰, L. Aiello ^21,22, A. Ain ²³, P. Ajith ²⁴, T. Akutsu ^25,26, S. Albanesi ^27,28, W. Ali^29,30, S. Al-Kershi^8,9, C. Alléné³¹, A. Allocca ^32,4, S. Al-Shammari³³, P. A. Altin ³⁴, S. Alvarez-Lopez ³⁵, W. Amar³¹, O. Amarasinghe³³, A. Amato ^36,37, F. Amicucci ^38,39, C. Amra⁴⁰, A. Ananyeva¹¹, S. B. Anderson ¹¹, W. G. Anderson ¹¹, M. Andia ⁴¹, M. Ando⁴², M. Andrés-Carcasona ⁴³, T. Andrić ^44,45,8,9, J. Anglin⁴⁶, S. Ansoldi ^47,48, J. M. Antelis ⁴⁹, S. Antier ⁴¹, M. Aoumi⁵⁰, E. Z. Appavuravther^51,52, S. Appert¹¹, S. K. Apple ⁵³, K. Arai ¹¹, A. Araya ⁴², M. C. Araya ¹¹, M. Arca Sedda^44,45, J. S. Areeda ⁵⁴, N. Aritomi², F. Armato ^29,30, S. Armstrong ⁵⁵, N. Arnaud ⁵⁶, M. Arogeti ⁵⁷, S. M. Aronson ¹², G. Ashton ⁵⁸, Y. Aso ^25,59, L. Asprea²⁸, M. Assiduo^60,61, S. Assis de Souza Melo⁶², S. M. Aston⁶³, P. Astone ³⁸, F. Attadio ^64,38, F. Aubin ⁶⁵, K. AultONeal ⁶⁶, G. Avallone ⁶⁷, E. A. Avila ⁴⁹, S. Babak ²⁰, C. Badger⁶⁸, S. Bae ⁶⁹, S. Bagnasco ²⁸, L. Baiotti ⁷⁰, R. Bajpai ⁷¹, T. Baka^72,37, A. M. Baker⁶, K. A. Baker⁷³, T. Baker ⁷⁴, G. Baldi ^75,76, N. Baldicchi ^77,51, M. Ball⁷⁸, G. Ballardin⁶², S. W. Ballmer⁷⁹, S. Banagiri ⁶, B. Banerjee ⁴⁴, D. Bankar ⁸⁰, T. M. Baptiste¹², P. Baral ¹⁰, M. Baratti ^81,82, J. C. Barayoga¹¹, B. C. Barish¹¹, D. Barker², N. Barman⁸⁰, P. Barneo ^83,84,85, F. Barone ^86,4, B. Barr ⁸⁷, L. Barsotti ³⁵, M. Barsuglia ²⁰, D. Barta ⁸⁸, A. M. Bartoletti⁸⁹, M. A. Barton ⁸⁷, I. Bartos⁴⁶, A. Basalaev ^8,9, R. Bassiri ⁹⁰, A. Basti ^82,81, M. Bawaj ^77,51, P. Baxi⁹¹, J. C. Bayley ⁸⁷, A. C. Baylor ¹⁰, P. A. Baynard, II⁵⁷, M. Bazzan^92,93, V. M. Bedakihale⁹⁴, F. Beirnaert ⁹⁵, M. Bejger ⁹⁶, D. Belardinelli ²², A. S. Bell ⁸⁷, D. S. Bellie⁹⁷, L. Bellizzi ^81,82, W. Benoit ¹⁸, I. Bentara ⁵⁶, J. D. Bentley ⁹⁸, M. Ben Yaala⁵⁵, S. Bera ^99,100, F. Bergamin ³³, B. K. Berger ⁹⁰, S. Bernuzzi ²⁷, M. Beroiz ¹¹, D. Bersanetti ²⁹, T. Bertheas¹⁰¹, A. Bertolini^37,36, J. Betzwieser ⁶³, D. Beveridge ⁷³, G. Bevilacqua ¹⁰², N. Bevins ¹⁰³, R. Bhandare¹⁰⁴, R. Bhatt¹¹, D. Bhattacharjee ^105,106, S. Bhattacharyya¹⁰⁷, S. Bhaumik ⁴⁶, V. Biancalana ¹⁰², A. Bianchi^37,108, I. A. Bilenko¹⁰⁹, G. Billingsley ¹¹, A. Binetti ¹¹⁰, S. Bini ^11,75,76, C. Binu¹¹¹, S. Biot¹¹², O. Birnholtz ¹¹³, S. Biscoveanu ⁹⁷, A. Bisht⁹, M. Bitossi ^62,81, M.-A. Bizouard ¹¹⁴, S. Blaber¹¹⁵, J. K. Blackburn ¹¹, L. A. Blagg⁷⁸, C. D. Blair^73,63, D. G. Blair⁷³, N. Bode ^8,9, N. Boettner⁹⁸, G. Boileau ¹¹⁴, M. Boldrini ³⁸, G. N. Bolingbroke ¹¹⁶, A. Bolliand^117,40, L. D. Bonavena ⁴⁶, R. Bondarescu ⁸³, F. Bondu ¹¹⁸, E. Bonilla ⁹⁰, M. S. Bonilla ⁵⁴, A. Bonino¹¹⁹, R. Bonnand ^31,117, A. Borchers^8,9, V. Boschi ⁸¹, S. Bose¹²⁰, V. Bossilkov⁶³, Y. Bothra ^37,108, A. Boudon⁵⁶, L. Bourg⁵⁷, M. Boyle¹²¹, A. Bozzi⁶², C. Bradaschia⁸¹, P. R. Brady ¹⁰, A. Branch⁶³, M. Branchesi ^44,45, I. Braun¹⁰⁵, T. Briant ¹²², A. Brillet¹¹⁴, M. Brinkmann^8,9, P. Brockill¹⁰, E. Brockmueller ^8,9, A. F. Brooks ¹¹, B. C. Brown⁴⁶, D. D. Brown¹¹⁶, M. L. Brozzetti ^77,51, S. Brunett¹¹, G. Bruno¹²³, R. Bruntz ¹²⁴, J. Bryant¹¹⁹, Y. Bu¹²⁵, F. Bucci ⁶¹, J. Buchanan¹²⁴, O. Bulashenko ^83,84, T. Bulik¹²⁶, H. J. Bulten³⁷, A. Buonanno ^127,1, K. Burtnyk², R. Buscicchio ^128,129, D. Buskulic³¹, C. Buy ¹⁰¹, R. L. Byer⁹⁰, G. S. Cabourn Davies⁷⁴, R. Cabrita ¹²³, V. Cáceres-Barbosa ⁷, L. Cadonati ⁵⁷, G. Cagnoli ¹³⁰, C. Cahillane ⁷⁹, A. Calafat⁹⁹, T. A. Callister¹³¹, E. Calloni^32,4, S. R. Callos ⁷⁸, G. Caneva Santoro⁴³, K. C. Cannon ⁴², H. Cao³⁵, L. A. Capistran¹³², E. Capocasa ²⁰, E. Capote ^2,11, G. Capurri ^82,81, G. Carapella^67,133, F. Carbognani⁶², M. Carlassara^8,9, J. B. Carlin ¹²⁵, T. K. Carlson¹³⁴, M. F. Carney¹⁰⁵, M. Carpinelli ^128,62, G. Carrillo⁷⁸, J. J. Carter ^8,9, G. Carullo ^119,135, A. Casallas-Lagos¹³⁶, J. Casanueva Diaz⁶², C. Casentini ^137,22, S. Y. Castro-Lucas¹³⁸, S. Caudill¹³⁴, M. Cavaglià ¹⁰⁶, R. Cavalieri ⁶², A. Ceja⁵⁴, G. Cella ⁸¹, P. Cerdá-Durán ^139,140, E. Cesarini ²², N. Chabbra³⁴, W. Chaibi¹¹⁴, A. Chakraborty ¹³, P. Chakraborty ^8,9, S. Chakraborty¹⁰⁴, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya⁹⁸, J. C. L. Chan ¹⁴¹, M. Chan¹¹⁵, K. Chang¹⁴², S. Chao ^143,142, P. Charlton ¹⁴⁴, E. Chassande-Mottin ²⁰, C. Chatterjee ¹⁴⁵, Debarati Chatterjee ⁸⁰, Deep Chatterjee ³⁵, M. Chaturvedi¹⁰⁴, S. Chaty ²⁰, A. Chen ¹⁴⁶, A. H.-Y. Chen¹⁴⁷, D. Chen ¹⁴⁸, H. Chen¹⁴³, H. Y. Chen ¹⁴⁹, S. Chen¹⁴⁵, Yanbei Chen¹⁵⁰, Yitian Chen ¹²¹, H. P. Cheng¹⁵¹, P. Chessa ^77,51, H. T. Cheung ⁹¹, S. Y. Cheung⁶, F. Chiadini ^152,133, G. Chiarini^8,9,93, A. Chiba¹⁵³, A. Chincarini ²⁹, M. L. Chiofalo ^82,81, A. Chiummo ^4,62, C. Chou¹⁴⁷, S. Choudhary ⁷³, N. Christensen ^114,154, S. S. Y. Chua ³⁴, G. Ciani ^75,76, P. Ciecielag ⁹⁶, M. Cieślar ¹²⁶, M. Cifaldi ²², B. Cirok¹⁵⁵, F. Clara², J. A. Clark ^11,57, T. A. Clarke ⁶, P. Clearwater¹⁵⁶, S. Clesse¹¹², F. Cleva^114,117, E. Coccia^44,45,43, E. Codazzo ^157,158, P.-F. Cohadon ¹²², S. Colace ³⁰, E. Colangeli⁷⁴, M. Colleoni ⁹⁹, C. G. Collette¹⁵⁹, J. Collins⁶³, S. Colloms ⁸⁷, A. Colombo ^160,129, C. M. Compton², G. Connolly⁷⁸, L. Conti ⁹³, T. R. Corbitt ¹², I. Cordero-Carrión ¹⁶¹, S. Corezzi ^77,51, N. J. Cornish ¹⁶², I. Coronado¹⁶³, A. Corsi ¹⁶⁴, R. Cottingham⁶³, M. W. Coughlin ¹⁸, A. Couineaux³⁸, P. Couvares ^11,57, D. M. Coward⁷³, R. Coyne ¹⁶⁵, A. Cozzumbo⁴⁴, J. D. E. Creighton ¹⁰, T. D. Creighton¹⁶⁶, P. Cremonese ⁹⁹, S. Crook⁶³, R. Crouch², J. Csizmazia², J. R. Cudell ¹⁶⁷, T. J. Cullen ¹¹, A. Cumming ⁸⁷, E. Cuoco ^168,169, M. Cusinato ¹³⁹, L. V. Da Conceição¹⁷⁰, T. Dal Canton⁴¹, S. Dal Pra¹⁷¹, G. Dálya ¹⁰¹, B. D’Angelo ²⁹, S. Danilishin ^172,37, S. D’Antonio ³⁸, K. Danzmann^9,8, K. E. Darroch¹²⁴, L. P. Dartez ⁶³, R. Das¹⁰⁷, A. Dasgupta⁹⁴, V. Dattilo ⁶², A. Daumas²⁰, N. Davari^173,174, I. Dave¹⁰⁴, A. Davenport¹³⁸, M. Davier⁴¹, T. F. Davies⁷³, D. Davis ¹¹, L. Davis⁷³, M. C. Davis ¹⁸, P. Davis ^175,176, E. J. Daw ¹⁷⁷, M. Dax ¹, J. De Bolle ⁹⁵, M. Deenadayalan⁸⁰, J. Degallaix ¹⁷⁸, M. De Laurentis ^32,4, F. De Lillo ²³, S. Della Torre ¹²⁹, W. Del Pozzo ^82,81, A. Demagny³¹, F. De Marco ^64,38, G. Demasi^179,61, F. De Matteis ^21,22, N. Demos³⁵, T. Dent ¹⁸⁰, A. Depasse ¹²³, N. DePergola¹⁰³, R. De Pietri ^181,182, R. De Rosa ^32,4, C. De Rossi ⁶², M. Desai ³⁵, R. DeSalvo ¹⁸³, A. DeSimone¹⁸⁴, R. De Simone^152,133, A. Dhani ¹, R. Diab⁴⁶, M. C. DíArizona¹⁶⁶, M. Di Cesare ^32,4, G. Dideron¹⁸⁵, T. Dietrich ¹, L. Di Fiore⁴, C. Di Fronzo ⁷³, M. Di Giovanni ^64,38, T. Di Girolamo ^32,4, D. Diksha^37,172, J. Ding ^20,186, S. Di Pace ^64,38, I. Di Palma ^64,38, D. Di Piero^187,48, F. Di Renzo ⁵⁶, Divyajyoti³³, A. Dmitriev ¹¹⁹, J. P. Docherty⁸⁷, Z. Doctor ⁹⁷, N. Doerksen ¹⁷⁰, E. Dohmen², A. Doke¹³⁴, A. Domiciano De Souza¹⁸⁸, L. D’Onofrio ³⁸, F. Donovan³⁵, K. L. Dooley ³³, T. Dooney⁷², S. Doravari ⁸⁰, O. Dorosh¹⁸⁹, W. J. D. Doyle¹²⁴, M. Drago ^64,38, J. C. Driggers ², L. Dunn ¹²⁵, U. Dupletsa⁴⁴, P.-A. Duverne ²⁰, D. D’Urso ^173,157, P. Dutta Roy⁴⁶, H. Duval ¹⁹⁰, S. E. Dwyer², C. Eassa², M. Ebersold ^191,31, T. Eckhardt ⁹⁸, G. Eddolls ⁷⁹, A. Effler ⁶³, J. Eichholz ³⁴, H. Einsle¹¹⁴, M. Eisenmann²⁵, M. Emma ⁵⁸, K. Endo¹⁵³, R. Enficiaud ¹, L. Errico ^32,4, R. Espinosa¹⁶⁶, M. Esposito ^4,32, R. C. Essick ¹⁹², H. Estellés ¹, T. Etzel¹¹, M. Evans ³⁵, T. Evstafyeva¹⁸⁵, B. E. Ewing⁷, J. M. Ezquiaga ¹⁴¹, F. Fabrizi ^60,61, V. Fafone ^21,22, S. Fairhurst ³³, A. M. Farah ¹³¹, B. Farr ⁷⁸, W. M. Farr ^193,194, G. Favaro ⁹², M. Favata ¹⁹⁵, M. Fays ¹⁶⁷, M. Fazio ⁵⁵, J. Feicht¹¹, M. M. Fejer⁹⁰, R. Felicetti ^187,48, E. Fenyvesi ^88,196, J. Fernandes¹⁹⁷, T. Fernandes ^198,139, D. Fernando¹¹¹, S. Ferraiuolo ^199,64,38, T. A. Ferreira¹², F. Fidecaro ^82,81, P. Figura ⁹⁶, A. Fiori ^81,82, I. Fiori ⁶², M. Fishbach ¹⁹², R. P. Fisher¹²⁴, R. Fittipaldi ^200,133, V. Fiumara ^201,133, R. Flaminio³¹, S. M. Fleischer ²⁰², L. S. Fleming²⁰³, E. Floden¹⁸, H. Fong¹¹⁵, J. A. Font ^139,140, F. Fontinele-Nunes¹⁸, C. Foo¹, B. Fornal ²⁰⁴, K. Franceschetti¹⁸¹, F. Frappez³¹, S. Frasca^64,38, F. Frasconi ⁸¹, J. P. Freed⁶⁶, Z. Frei ²⁰⁵, A. Freise ^37,108, O. Freitas ^198,139, R. Frey ⁷⁸, W. Frischhertz⁶³, P. Fritschel³⁵, V. V. Frolov⁶³, G. G. Fronzé ²⁸, M. Fuentes-Garcia ¹¹, S. Fujii²⁰⁶, T. Fujimori²⁰⁷, P. Fulda⁴⁶, M. Fyffe⁶³, B. Gadre ⁷², J. R. Gair ¹, S. Galaudage ¹⁸⁸, V. Galdi²⁰⁸, R. Gamba⁷, A. Gamboa ¹, S. Gamoji¹⁸³, D. Ganapathy ²⁰⁹, A. Ganguly ⁸⁰, B. Garaventa ²⁹, J. García-Bellido²¹⁰, C. García-Quirós ¹⁹¹, J. W. Gardner ³⁴, K. A. Gardner¹¹⁵, S. Garg⁴², J. Gargiulo ⁶², X. Garrido ⁴¹, A. Garron ⁹⁹, F. Garufi ^32,4, P. A. Garver⁹⁰, C. Gasbarra ^21,22, B. Gateley², F. Gautier ²¹¹, V. Gayathri ¹⁰, T. Gayer⁷⁹, G. Gemme ²⁹, A. Gennai ⁸¹, V. Gennari ¹⁰¹, J. George¹⁰⁴, R. George ¹⁴⁹, O. Gerberding ⁹⁸, L. Gergely ¹⁵⁵, Archisman Ghosh ⁹⁵, Sayantan Ghosh¹⁹⁷, Shaon Ghosh ¹⁹⁵, Shrobana Ghosh^8,9, Suprovo Ghosh ²¹², Tathagata Ghosh ⁸⁰, J. A. Giaime ^12,63, K. D. Giardina⁶³, D. R. Gibson²⁰³, C. Gier ⁵⁵, S. Gkaitatzis ^82,81, J. Glanzer ¹¹, F. Glotin ⁴¹, J. Godfrey⁷⁸, R. V. Godley^8,9, P. Godwin¹¹, A. S. Goettel ³³, E. Goetz ¹¹⁵, J. Golomb¹¹, S. Gomez Lopez^64,38, B. Goncharov ⁴⁴, G. González ¹², P. Goodarzi ²¹³, S. Goode⁶, A. W. Goodwin-Jones ¹²³, M. Gosselin⁶², R. Gouaty ³¹, D. W. Gould³⁴, K. Govorkova³⁵, A. Grado ^77,51, V. Graham ⁸⁷, A. E. Granados ¹⁸, M. Granata ¹⁷⁸, V. Granata ^214,133, S. Gras³⁵, P. Grassia¹¹, J. Graves⁵⁷, C. Gray², R. Gray ⁸⁷, G. Greco⁵¹, A. C. Green ^37,108, L. Green²¹⁵, S. M. Green⁷⁴, S. R. Green ²¹⁶, C. Greenberg¹³⁴, A. M. Gretarsson⁶⁶, H. K. Griffin¹⁸, D. Griffith¹¹, H. L. Griggs ⁵⁷, G. Grignani^77,51, C. Grimaud ³¹, H. Grote ³³, S. Grunewald ¹, D. Guerra ¹³⁹, D. Guetta ²¹⁷, G. M. Guidi ^60,61, A. R. Guimaraes¹², H. K. Gulati⁹⁴, F. Gulminelli ^175,176, H. Guo ¹⁴⁶, W. Guo ⁷³, Y. Guo ^37,172, Anuradha Gupta ²¹⁸, I. Gupta ⁷, N. C. Gupta⁹⁴, S. K. Gupta⁴⁶, V. Gupta ¹⁸, N. Gupte¹, J. Gurs⁹⁸, N. Gutierrez¹⁷⁸, N. Guttman⁶, F. Guzman ¹³², D. Haba²¹⁹, M. Haberland ¹, S. Haino²²⁰, E. D. Hall ³⁵, E. Z. Hamilton ⁹⁹, G. Hammond ⁸⁷, M. Haney³⁷, J. Hanks², C. Hanna ⁷, M. D. Hannam³³, O. A. Hannuksela ²²¹, A. G. Hanselman ¹³¹, H. Hansen², J. Hanson⁶³, S. Hanumasagar⁵⁷, R. Harada⁴², A. R. Hardison¹⁸⁴, S. Harikumar ¹⁸⁹, K. Haris^37,72, I. Harley-Trochimczyk¹³², T. Harmark ¹³⁵, J. Harms ^44,45, G. M. Harry ²²², I. W. Harry ⁷⁴, J. Hart¹⁰⁵, B. Haskell^96,223,224, C. J. Haster²¹⁵, K. Haughian ⁸⁷, H. Hayakawa⁵⁰, K. Hayama²²⁵, M. C. Heintze⁶³, J. Heinze ¹¹⁹, J. Heinzel³⁵, H. Heitmann ¹¹⁴, F. Hellman ²⁰⁹, A. F. Helmling-Cornell ⁷⁸, G. Hemming ⁶², O. Henderson-Sapir ¹¹⁶, M. Hendry ⁸⁷, I. S. Heng⁸⁷, M. H. Hennig ⁸⁷, C. Henshaw ⁵⁷, M. Heurs ^8,9, A. L. Hewitt ^226,227, J. Heynen¹²³, J. Heyns³⁵, S. Higginbotham³³, S. Hild^172,37, S. Hill⁸⁷, Y. Himemoto ²²⁸, N. Hirata²⁵, C. Hirose²²⁹, D. Hofman¹⁷⁸, B. E. Hogan⁶⁶, N. A. Holland^37,108, I. J. Hollows ¹⁷⁷, D. E. Holz ¹³¹, L. Honet¹¹², D. J. Horton-Bailey²⁰⁹, J. Hough ⁸⁷, S. Hourihane ¹¹, N. T. Howard¹⁴⁵, E. J. Howell ⁷³, C. G. Hoy ⁷⁴, C. A. Hrishikesh²¹, P. Hsi³⁵, H.-F. Hsieh ¹⁴³, H.-Y. Hsieh¹⁴³, C. Hsiung²³⁰, S.-H. Hsu¹⁴⁷, W.-F. Hsu ¹¹⁰, Q. Hu ⁸⁷, H. Y. Huang ¹⁴², Y. Huang ⁷, Y. T. Huang⁷⁹, A. D. Huddart²³¹, B. Hughey⁶⁶, V. Hui ³¹, S. Husa ⁹⁹, R. Huxford⁷, L. Iampieri ^64,38, G. A. Iandolo ¹⁷², M. Ianni^22,21, G. Iannone ¹³³, J. Iascau⁷⁸, K. Ide²³², R. Iden²¹⁹, A. Ierardi^44,45, S. Ikeda¹⁴⁸, H. Imafuku⁴², Y. Inoue¹⁴², G. Iorio ⁹², P. Iosif ^187,48, M. H. Iqbal³⁴, J. Irwin ⁸⁷, R. Ishikawa²³², M. Isi ^193,194, K. S. Isleif ²³³, Y. Itoh ^207,234, M. Iwaya²⁰⁶, B. R. Iyer ²⁴, C. Jacquet¹⁰¹, P.-E. Jacquet ¹²², T. Jacquot⁴¹, S. J. Jadhav²³⁵, S. P. Jadhav ¹⁵⁶, M. Jain¹³⁴, T. Jain²²⁶, A. L. James ¹¹, K. Jani ¹⁴⁵, J. Janquart ¹²³, N. N. Janthalur²³⁵, S. Jaraba ²³⁶, P. Jaranowski ²³⁷, R. Jaume ⁹⁹, W. Javed³³, A. Jennings², M. Jensen², W. Jia³⁵, J. Jiang ¹⁵¹, H.-B. Jin ^238,239, G. R. Johns¹²⁴, N. A. Johnson⁴⁶, M. C. Johnston ²¹⁵, R. Johnston⁸⁷, N. Johny^8,9, D. H. Jones ³⁴, D. I. Jones²¹², R. Jones⁸⁷, H. E. Jose⁷⁸, P. Joshi ⁷, S. K. Joshi⁸⁰, G. Joubert⁵⁶, J. Ju²⁴⁰, L. Ju ⁷³, K. Jung ²⁴¹, J. Junker ³⁴, V. Juste¹¹², H. B. Kabagoz ^63,35, T. Kajita ²⁴², I. Kaku²⁰⁷, V. Kalogera ⁹⁷, M. Kalomenopoulos ²¹⁵, M. Kamiizumi ⁵⁰, N. Kanda ^234,207, S. Kandhasamy ⁸⁰, G. Kang ²⁴³, N. C. Kannachel⁶, J. B. Kanner¹¹, S. A. KantiMahanty¹⁸, S. J. Kapadia ⁸⁰, D. P. Kapasi ⁵⁴, M. Karthikeyan¹³⁴, M. Kasprzack ¹¹, H. Kato¹⁵³, T. Kato²⁰⁶, E. Katsavounidis³⁵, W. Katzman⁶³, R. Kaushik ¹⁰⁴, K. Kawabe², R. Kawamoto²⁰⁷, D. Keitel ⁹⁹, L. J. Kemperman ¹¹⁶, J. Kennington ⁷, F. A. Kerkow¹⁸, R. Kesharwani ⁸⁰, J. S. Key ²⁴⁴, R. Khadela^8,9, S. Khadka⁹⁰, S. S. Khadkikar⁷, F. Y. Khalili ¹⁰⁹, F. Khan ^8,9, T. Khanam¹⁶⁴, M. Khursheed¹⁰⁴, N. M. Khusid ^193,194, W. Kiendrebeogo ^114,245, N. Kijbunchoo ¹¹⁶, C. Kim²⁴⁶, J. C. Kim²⁴⁷, K. Kim ²⁴⁸, M. H. Kim ²⁴⁰, S. Kim ²⁴⁹, Y.-M. Kim ²⁴⁸, C. Kimball ⁹⁷, K. Kimes⁵⁴, M. Kinnear³³, J. S. Kissel ², S. Klimenko⁴⁶, A. M. Knee ¹¹⁵, E. J. Knox⁷⁸, N. Knust ^8,9, K. Kobayashi²⁰⁶, S. M. Koehlenbeck ⁹⁰, G. Koekoek^37,172, K. Kohri ^250,251, K. Kokeyama ^33,252, S. Koley ^44,167, P. Kolitsidou ¹¹⁹, A. E. Koloniari ²⁵³, K. Komori ⁴², A. K. H. Kong ¹⁴³, A. Kontos ²⁵⁴, L. M. Koponen¹¹⁹, M. Korobko ⁹⁸, X. Kou¹⁸, A. Koushik ²³, N. Kouvatsos ⁶⁸, M. Kovalam⁷³, T. Koyama¹⁵³, D. B. Kozak¹¹, S. L. Kranzhoff^172,37, V. Kringel^8,9, N. V. Krishnendu ¹¹⁹, S. Kroker²⁵⁵, A. Królak ^256,189, K. Kruska^8,9, J. Kubisz ²⁵⁷, G. Kuehn^8,9, S. Kulkarni ²¹⁸, A. Kulur Ramamohan³⁴, Achal Kumar⁴⁶, Anil Kumar²³⁵, Praveen Kumar ¹⁸⁰, Prayush Kumar ²⁴, Rahul Kumar², Rakesh Kumar⁹⁴, J. Kume ^258,259,42, K. Kuns ³⁵, N. Kuntimaddi³³, S. Kuroyanagi ^210,260, S. Kuwahara ⁴², K. Kwak ²⁴¹, K. Kwan³⁴, S. Kwon ⁴², G. Lacaille⁸⁷, D. Laghi ^191,101, A. H. Laity¹⁶⁵, E. Lalande²⁶¹, M. Lalleman ²³, P. C. Lalremruati²⁶², M. Landry², B. B. Lane³⁵, R. N. Lang ³⁵, J. Lange¹⁴⁹, R. Langgin ²¹⁵, B. Lantz ⁹⁰, I. Louisiana Rosa⁹⁹, J. Larsen²⁰², A. Lartaux-Vollard ⁴¹, P. D. Lasky ⁶, J. Lawrence ¹⁶⁶, M. Laxen ⁶³, C. Lazarte ¹³⁹, A. Lazzarini ¹¹, C. Lazzaro^158,157, P. Leaci ^64,38, L. Leali¹⁸, Y. K. Lecoeuche ¹¹⁵, H. M. Lee ²⁶³, H. W. Lee ²⁶⁴, J. Lee⁷⁹, K. Lee ²⁴⁰, R.-K. Lee ¹⁴³, R. Lee³⁵, Sungho Lee ²⁴⁸, Sunjae Lee²⁴⁰, Y. Lee¹⁴², I. N. Legred¹¹, J. Lehmann^8,9, L. Lehner¹⁸⁵, M. Le Jean ^178,117, A. Lemaître²⁶⁵, M. Lenti ^61,179, M. Leonardi ^75,76,266, M. Lequime⁴⁰, N. Leroy ⁴¹, M. Lesovsky¹¹, N. Letendre³¹, M. Lethuillier ⁵⁶, Y. Levin⁶, K. Leyde⁷⁴, A. K. Y. Li¹¹, K. L. Li ²⁶⁷, T. G. F. Li¹¹⁰, X. Li ¹⁵⁰, Y. Li⁹⁷, Z. Li⁸⁷, A. Lihos¹²⁴, E. T. Lin ¹⁴³, F. Lin¹⁴², L. C.-C. Lin ²⁶⁷, Y.-C. Lin ¹⁴³, C. Lindsay²⁰³, S. D. Linker¹⁸³, A. Liu ²²¹, G. C. Liu ²³⁰, Jian Liu ⁷³, F. Llamas Villarreal¹⁶⁶, J. Llobera-Querol ⁹⁹, R. K. L. Lo ¹⁴¹, J.-P. Locquet¹¹⁰, S. C. G. Loggins²⁶⁸, M. R. Loizou¹³⁴, L. T. London⁶⁸, A. Longo ^60,61, D. Lopez ¹⁶⁷, M. Lopez Portilla^72,21,22, A. Lorenzo-Medina ¹⁸⁰, V. Loriette⁴¹, M. Lormand⁶³, G. Losurdo ^269,81, E. Lotti¹³⁴, T. P. Lott, IV⁵⁷, J. D. Lough ^8,9, H. A. Loughlin³⁵, C. O. Lousto ¹¹¹, N. Low¹²⁵, N. Lu ³⁴, L. Lucchesi ⁸¹, H. Lück^9,8, D. Lumaca ²², A. P. Lundgren ^270,271, A. W. Lussier ²⁶¹, R. Macas ⁷⁴, M. MacInnis³⁵, D. M. Macleod ³³, I. A. O. MacMillan ¹¹, A. Macquet ⁴¹, K. Maeda¹⁵³, S. Maenaut ¹¹⁰, S. S. Magare⁸⁰, R. M. Magee ¹¹, E. Maggio ¹, R. Maggiore^37,108, M. Magnozzi ^29,30, M. Mahesh⁹⁸, M. Maini¹⁶⁵, S. Majhi⁸⁰, E. Majorana^64,38, C. N. Makarem¹¹, D. Malakar ¹⁰⁶, J. A. Malaquias-Reis¹⁹, U. Mali ¹⁹², S. Maliakal¹¹, A. Malik¹⁰⁴, L. Mallick ^170,192, A.-K. Malz ⁵⁸, N. Man¹¹⁴, M. Mancarella ¹⁰⁰, V. Mandic ¹⁸, V. Mangano ^173,157, B. Mannix⁷⁸, G. L. Mansell ⁷⁹, M. Manske ¹⁰, M. Mantovani ⁶², M. Mapelli ^92,93,272, C. Marinelli ¹⁰², F. Marion ³¹, A. S. Markosyan⁹⁰, A. Markowitz¹¹, E. Maros¹¹, S. Marsat ¹⁰¹, F. Martelli ^60,61, I. W. Martin ⁸⁷, R. M. Martin ¹⁹⁵, B. B. Martinez¹³², D. A. Martinez⁵⁴, M. Martinez^43,273, V. Martinez ¹³⁰, A. Martini^75,76, J. C. Martins ¹⁹, D. V. Martynov¹¹⁹, E. J. Marx³⁵, L. Massaro^172,37, A. Masserot³¹, M. Masso-Reid ⁸⁷, S. Mastrogiovanni ³⁸, T. Matcovich ⁵¹, M. Matiushechkina ^8,9, L. Maurin²¹¹, N. Mavalvala ³⁵, N. Maxwell², G. McCarrol⁶³, R. McCarthy², D. E. McClelland ³⁴, S. McCormick⁶³, L. McCuller ¹¹, S. McEachin¹²⁴, C. McElhenny¹²⁴, G. I. McGhee ⁸⁷, J. McGinn⁸⁷, K. B. M. McGowan¹⁴⁵, J. McIver ¹¹⁵, A. McLeod ⁷³, I. McMahon ¹⁹¹, T. McRae³⁴, R. McTeague ⁸⁷, D. Meacher ¹⁰, B. N. Meagher⁷⁹, R. Mechum¹¹¹, Q. Meijer⁷², A. Melatos¹²⁵, C. S. Menoni ¹³⁸, F. Mera², R. A. Mercer ¹⁰, L. Mereni¹⁷⁸, K. Merfeld¹⁶⁴, E. L. Merilh⁶³, J. R. Mérou ⁹⁹, J. D. Merritt⁷⁸, M. Merzougui¹¹⁴, C. Messick ¹⁰, B. Mestichelli⁴⁴, M. Meyer-Conde ²⁷⁴, F. Meylahn ^8,9, A. Mhaske⁸⁰, A. Miani ^75,76, H. Miao²⁷⁵, C. Michel ¹⁷⁸, Y. Michimura ⁴², H. Middleton ¹¹⁹, D. P. Mihaylov ¹⁰⁵, A. L. Miller ¹⁴⁶, S. J. Miller ¹¹, M. Millhouse ⁵⁷, E. Milotti ^187,48, V. Milotti ⁹², Y. Minenkov²², E. M. Minihan⁶⁶, Ll. M. Mir ⁴³, L. Mirasola ^157,158, M. Miravet-Tenés ¹³⁹, C.-A. Miritescu ⁴³, A. Mishra²⁴, C. Mishra ¹⁰⁷, T. Mishra ⁴⁶, A. L. Mitchell^37,108, J. G. Mitchell⁶⁶, S. Mitra ⁸⁰, V. P. Mitrofanov ¹⁰⁹, K. Mitsuhashi²⁵, R. Mittleman³⁵, O. Miyakawa ⁵⁰, S. Miyoki ⁵⁰, A. Miyoko⁶⁶, G. Missouri³⁵, L. Mobilia ^60,61, S. R. P. Mohapatra¹¹, S. R. Mohite ⁷, M. Molina-Ruiz ²⁰⁹, M. Mondin¹⁸³, M. Montani^60,61, C. J. Moore²²⁶, D. Moraru², A. More ⁸⁰, S. More ⁸⁰, C. Moreno ¹³⁶, E. A. Moreno ³⁵, G. Moreno², A. Moreso Serra⁸³, S. Morisaki ^42,206, Y. Moriwaki ¹⁵³, G. Morras ²¹⁰, A. Moscatello ⁹², M. Mould ³⁵, B. Mours ⁶⁵, C. M. Mow-Lowry ^37,108, L. Muccillo ^179,61, F. Muciaccia ^64,38, D. Mukherjee ¹¹⁹, Samanwaya Mukherjee²⁴, Soma Mukherjee¹⁶⁶, Subroto Mukherjee⁹⁴, Suvodip Mukherjee ¹³, N. Mukund ³⁵, A. Mullavey⁶³, H. Mullock¹¹⁵, J. Mundi²²², C. L. Mungioli⁷³, M. Murakoshi²³², P. G. Murray ⁸⁷, D. Nabari ^75,76, S. L. Nadji^8,9, A. Nagar^28,276, N. Nagarajan ⁸⁷, K. Nakagaki⁵⁰, K. Nakamura ²⁵, H. Nakano ²⁷⁷, M. Nakano¹¹, D. Nanadoumgar-Lacroze ⁴³, D. Nandi¹², V. Napolano⁶², P. Narayan ²¹⁸, I. Nardecchia ²², T. Narikawa²⁰⁶, H. Narola⁷², L. Naticchioni ³⁸, R. K. Nayak ²⁶², L. Negri⁷², A. Nela⁸⁷, C. Nelle⁷⁸, A. Nelson ¹³², T. J. N. Nelson⁶³, M. Nery^8,9, A. Neunzert ², S. Ng⁵⁴, L. Nguyen Quynh²⁷⁸, S. A. Nichols¹², A. B. Nielsen ²⁷⁹, Y. Nishino^25,42, A. Nishizawa ²⁸⁰, S. Nissanke^281,37, W. Niu ⁷, F. Nocera⁶², J. Noller²⁸², M. Norman³³, C. North³³, J. Novak ^117,236,283, R. Nowicki ¹⁴⁵, J. F. Nuño Siles²¹⁰, L. K. Nuttall ⁷⁴, K. Obayashi²³², J. Oberling ², J. O’Dell²³¹, E. Oelker ³⁵, M. Oertel ^{236,117,284,283}, G. Oganesyan^44,45, T. O’Hanlon⁶³, M. Ohashi ⁵⁰, F. Ohme ^8,9, R. Oliveri ^117,284,283, R. Omer¹⁸, B. O’Neal¹²⁴, M. Onishi¹⁵³, K. Oohara ²⁸⁵, B. O’Reilly ⁶³, M. Orselli ^51,77, R. O’Shaughnessy ¹¹¹, S. O’Shea⁸⁷, S. Oshino ⁵⁰, C. Osthelder¹¹, I. Ota ¹², D. J. Ottaway ¹¹⁶, A. Ouzriat⁵⁶, H. Overmier⁶³, B. J. Owen ²⁸⁶, R. Ozaki²³², A. E. Pace ⁷, R. Pagano ¹², M. A. Page ²⁵, A. Pai ¹⁹⁷, L. Paiella⁴⁴, A. Pal²⁸⁷, S. Pal ²⁶², M. A. Palaia ^81,82, M. Pálfi²⁰⁵, P. P. Palma^64,21,22, C. Palomba ³⁸, P. Palud ²⁰, H. Pan¹⁴³, J. Pan⁷³, K. C. Pan ¹⁴³, P. K. Panda²³⁵, Shiksha Pandey⁷, Swadha Pandey³⁵, P. T. H. Pang^37,72, F. Pannarale ^64,38, K. A. Pannone⁵⁴, B. C. Pant¹⁰⁴, F. H. Panther⁷³, M. Panzeri^60,61, F. Paoletti ⁸¹, A. Paolone ^38,288, A. Papadopoulos ⁸⁷, E. E. Papalexakis²¹³, L. Papalini ^81,82, G. Papigkiotis ²⁵³, A. Paquis⁴¹, A. Parisi ^77,51, B.-J. Park²⁴⁸, J. Park ²⁸⁹, W. Parker ⁶³, G. Pascale^8,9, D. Pascucci ⁹⁵, A. Pasqualetti ⁶², R. Passaquieti ^82,81, L. Passenger⁶, D. Passuello⁸¹, O. Patane ², A. V. Patel ¹⁴², D. Pathak⁸⁰, A. Patra³³, B. Patricelli ^82,81, B. G. Patterson³³, K. Paul ¹⁰⁷, S. Paul ⁷⁸, E. Payne ¹¹, T. Pearce³³, M. Pedraza¹¹, A. Pele ¹¹, F. E. Peña Arellano²⁹⁰, X. Peng¹¹⁹, Y. Peng⁵⁷, S. Penn ²⁹¹, M. D. Penuliar⁵⁴, A. Perego ^75,76, Z. Pereira¹³⁴, C. Périgois ^292,93,92, G. Perna ⁹², A. Perreca ^75,76,44, J. Perret ²⁰, S. Perriès ⁵⁶, J. W. Perry^37,108, D. Pesios²⁵³, S. Peters¹⁶⁷, S. Petracca²⁰⁸, C. Petrillo⁷⁷, H. P. Pfeiffer ¹, H. Pham⁶³, K. A. Pham ¹⁸, K. S. Phukon ¹¹⁹, H. Phurailatpam²²¹, M. Piarulli¹⁰¹, L. Piccari ^64,38, O. J. Piccinni ³⁴, M. Pichot ¹¹⁴, M. Piendibene ^82,81, F. Piergiovanni ^60,61, L. Pierini ³⁸, G. Pierra ³⁸, V. Pierro ^293,133, M. Pietrzak⁹⁶, M. Pillas ¹⁶⁷, F. Pilo ⁸¹, L. Pinard ¹⁷⁸, I. M. Pinto ^{293,133,294,32}, M. Pinto ⁶², B. J. Piotrzkowski ¹⁰, M. Pirello², M. D. Pitkin ^226,87, A. Placidi ⁵¹, E. Placidi ^64,38, M. L. Planas ⁹⁹, W. Plastino ^214,22, C. Plunkett ³⁵, R. Poggiani ^82,81, E. Polini³⁵, J. Pomper^81,82, L. Pompili ¹, J. Poon²²¹, E. Porcelli³⁷, E. K. Porter²⁰, C. Posnansky ⁷, R. Poulton ⁶², J. Powell ¹⁵⁶, G. S. Prabhu⁸⁰, M. Pracchia ¹⁶⁷, B. K. Pradhan ⁸⁰, T. Pradier ⁶⁵, A. K. Prajapati⁹⁴, K. Prasai ²⁹⁵, R. Prasanna²³⁵, P. Prasia⁸⁰, G. Pratten ¹¹⁹, G. Principe ^187,48, G. A. Prodi ^75,76, P. Prosperi⁸¹, P. Prosposito^21,22, A. C. Providence⁶⁶, A. Puecher ¹, J. Pullin ¹², P. Puppo³⁸, M. Pürrer ¹⁶⁵, H. Qi ¹⁶, M. Qiao ¹⁴⁶, J. Qin ³⁴, G. Quéméner ^176,117, V. Quetschke¹⁶⁶, P. J. Quinonez⁶⁶, N. Qutob⁵⁷, R. Rading²³³, I. Rainho¹³⁹, S. Raja¹⁰⁴, C. Rajan¹⁰⁴, B. Rajbhandari ¹¹¹, K. E. Ramirez ⁶³, F. A. Ramis Vidal⁹⁹, M. Ramos Arevalo¹⁶⁶, A. Ramos-Buades ^99,37, S. Ranjan ⁵⁷, K. Ransom⁶³, P. Rapagnani ^64,38, B. Ratto⁶⁶, A. Ravichandran¹³⁴, A. Ray ⁹⁷, V. Raymond ³³, M. Razzano ^82,81, J. Read⁵⁴, T. Regimbau³¹, S. Reid⁵⁵, C. Reissel³⁵, D. H. Reitze ¹¹, V. Rella⁶⁴, A. I. Renzini ^128,11, B. Revenu ^296,41, A. Revilla Peña⁸³, R. Reyes¹⁸³, L. Ricca ¹²³, F. Ricci ^64,38, M. Ricci ^38,64, A. Ricciardone ^82,81, J. Rice⁷⁹, J. W. Richardson ²¹³, M. L. Richardson¹¹⁶, A. Rijal⁶⁶, K. Riles ⁹¹, H. K. Riley³³, S. Rinaldi ²⁷², J. Rittmeyer⁹⁸, C. Robertson²³¹, F. Robinet⁴¹, M. Robinson², A. Rocchi ²², L. Rolland ³¹, J. G. Rollins ¹¹, A. E. Romano ²⁹⁷, R. Romano ^3,4, A. Romero ³¹, I. M. Romero-Shaw²²⁶, J. H. Romie⁶³, S. Ronchini ⁷, T. J. Roocke ¹¹⁶, L. Rosa^4,32, T. J. Rosauer²¹³, C. A. Rose⁵⁷, D. Rosińska ¹²⁶, M. P. Ross ⁵³, M. Rossello-Sastre ⁹⁹, S. Rowan ⁸⁷, S. K. Roy ^193,194, S. Roy ¹²³, D. Rozza ^128,129, P. Ruggi⁶², N. Ruhama²⁴¹, E. Ruiz Morales^298,210, K. Ruiz-Rocha¹⁴⁵, S. Sachdev ⁵⁷, T. Sadecki², P. Saffarieh ^37,108, S. Safi-Harb ¹⁷⁰, M. R. Sah ¹³, S. Saha ¹⁴³, T. Sainrat ⁶⁵, S. Sajith Menon^217,64,38, K. Sakai²⁹⁹, Y. Sakai ²⁷⁴, M. Sakellariadou ⁶⁸, S. Sakon ⁷, O. S. Salafia ^160,129,128, F. Salces-Carcoba ¹¹, L. Salconi⁶², M. Saleem ¹⁴⁹, F. Salemi ^64,38, M. Sallé ³⁷, S. U. Salunkhe⁸⁰, S. Salvador ^176,175, A. Salvarese¹⁴⁹, A. Samajdar ^72,37, A. Sanchez², E. J. Sanchez¹¹, L. E. Sanchez¹¹, N. Sanchis-Gual ¹³⁹, J. R. Sanders¹⁸⁴, E. M. Sänger ¹, F. Santoliquido ^44,45, F. Sarandrea²⁸, T. R. Saravanan⁸⁰, N. Sarin⁶, P. Sarkar^8,9, A. Sasli ²⁵³, P. Sassi ^51,77, B. Sassolas ¹⁷⁸, B. S. Sathyaprakash ^7,33, R. Sato²²⁹, S. Sato¹⁵³, Yukino Sato¹⁵³, Yu Sato¹⁵³, O. Sauter ⁴⁶, R. L. Savage ², T. Sawada ⁵⁰, H. L. Sawant⁸⁰, S. Sayah¹⁷⁸, V. Scacco^21,22, D. Schaetzl¹¹, M. Scheel¹⁵⁰, A. Schiebelbein¹⁹², M. G. Schiworski ⁷⁹, P. Schmidt ¹¹⁹, S. Schmidt ⁷², R. Schnabel ⁹⁸, M. Schneewind^8,9, R. M. S. Schofield⁷⁸, K. Schouteden ¹¹⁰, B. W. Schulte^8,9, B. F. Schutz^33,8,9, E. Schwartz ³⁰⁰, M. Scialpi ³⁰¹, J. Scott ⁸⁷, S. M. Scott ³⁴, R. M. Sedas ⁶³, T. C. Seetharamu⁸⁷, M. Seglar-Arroyo ⁴³, Y. Sekiguchi ³⁰², D. Sellers⁶³, N. Sembo²⁰⁷, A. S. Sengupta ³⁰³, E. G. Seo ⁸⁷, J. W. Seo ¹¹⁰, V. Sequino^32,4, M. Serra ³⁸, A. Sevrin¹⁹⁰, T. Shaffer², U. S. Shah ⁵⁷, M. A. Shaikh ²⁶³, L. Shao ³⁰⁴, A. K. Sharma ⁹⁹, Preeti Sharma¹², Prianka Sharma¹⁰⁴, Ritwik Sharma¹⁸, S. Sharma Chaudhary¹⁰⁶, P. Shawhan ¹²⁷, N. S. Shcheblanov ^305,265, E. Sheridan¹⁴⁵, Z.-H. Shi¹⁴³, M. Shikauchi⁴², R. Shimomura³⁰⁶, H. Shinkai ³⁰⁶, S. Shirke⁸⁰, D. H. Shoemaker ³⁵, D. M. Shoemaker ¹⁴⁹, R. W. Short², S. ShyamSundar¹⁰⁴, A. Sider¹⁵⁹, H. Siegel ^193,194, D. Sigg ², L. Silenzi ^172,37, L. Silvestri ^64,171, M. Simmonds¹¹⁶, L. P. Singer ³⁰⁷, Amitesh Singh²¹⁸, Anika Singh¹¹, D. Singh ²⁰⁹, N. Singh ⁹⁹, S. Singh^219,59, A. M. Sintes ⁹⁹, V. Sipala^173,157, V. Skliris ³³, B. J. J. Slagmolen ³⁴, D. A. Slater²⁰², T. J. Slaven-Blair⁷³, J. Smetana¹¹⁹, J. R. Smith ⁵⁴, L. Smith ^87,187,48, R. J. E. Smith ⁶, W. J. Smith ¹⁴⁵, S. Soares de Albuquerque Filho⁶⁰, M. Soares-Santos¹⁹¹, K. Somiya ²¹⁹, I. Song ¹⁴³, S. Soni ³⁵, V. Sordini ⁵⁶, F. Sorrentino²⁹, H. Sotani ³⁰⁸, F. Spada ⁸¹, V. Spagnuolo ³⁷, A. P. Spencer ⁸⁷, P. Spinicelli ⁶², A. K. Srivastava⁹⁴, F. Stachurski ⁸⁷, C. J. Stark¹²⁴, D. A. Steer ³⁰⁹, N. Steinle ¹⁷⁰, J. Steinlechner^172,37, S. Steinlechner ^172,37, N. Stergioulas ²⁵³, P. Stevens⁴¹, M. StPierre¹⁶⁵, M. D. Strong¹², A. Strunk², A. L. Stuver ^103,†, M. Suchenek⁹⁶, S. Sudhagar ⁹⁶, Y. Sudo²³², N. Sueltmann⁹⁸, L. Suleiman ⁵⁴, K. D. Sullivan¹², J. Sun ²⁴³, L. Sun ³⁴, S. Sunil⁹⁴, J. Suresh ¹¹⁴, B. J. Sutton⁶⁸, P. J. Sutton ³³, K. Suzuki²¹⁹, M. Suzuki²⁰⁶, B. L. Swinkels ³⁷, A. Syx ¹¹⁷, M. J. Szczepańczyk ³¹⁰, P. Szewczyk ¹²⁶, M. Tacca ³⁷, H. Tagoshi ²⁰⁶, K. Takada²⁰⁶, H. Takahashi ²⁷⁴, R. Takahashi ²⁵, A. Takamori ⁴², S. Takano ³¹¹, H. Takeda ^312,313, K. Takeshita²¹⁹, I. Takimoto Schmiegelow^44,45, M. Takou-Ayaoh⁷⁹, C. Talbot¹³¹, M. Tamaki²⁰⁶, N. Tamanini ¹⁰¹, D. Tanabe¹⁴², K. Tanaka⁵⁰, S. J. Tanaka ²³², S. Tanioka ³³, D. B. Tanner⁴⁶, W. Tanner^8,9, L. Tao ²¹³, R. D. Tapia⁷, E. N. Tapia San Martín³⁷, C. Taranto^21,22, A. Taruya ³¹⁴, J. D. Tasson ¹⁵⁴, J. G. Tau ¹¹¹, D. Tellez⁵⁴, R. Tenorio ⁹⁹, H. Themann¹⁸³, A. Theodoropoulos ¹³⁹, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam⁸⁰, L. M. Thomas ¹¹, M. Thomas⁶³, P. Thomas², J. E. Thompson ²¹², S. R. Thondapu¹⁰⁴, K. A. Thorne⁶³, E. Thrane ⁶, J. Tissino ^44,45, A. Tiwari⁸⁰, Pawan Tiwari⁴⁴, Praveer Tiwari¹⁹⁷, S. Tiwari ¹⁹¹, V. Tiwari ¹¹⁹, M. R. Todd⁷⁹, M. Toffano⁹², A. M. Toivonen ¹⁸, K. Toland ⁸⁷, A. E. Tolley ⁷⁴, T. Tomaru ²⁵, V. Tommasini¹¹, T. Tomura ⁵⁰, H. Tong ⁶, C. Tong-Yu¹⁴², A. Torres-Forné ^139,140, C. I. Torrie¹¹, I. Tosta e Melo³¹⁵, E. Tournefier ³¹, M. Trad Nery¹¹⁴, K. Tran¹²⁴, A. Trapananti ^52,51, R. Travaglini ¹⁶⁹, F. Travasso ^52,51, G. Traylor⁶³, M. Trevor¹²⁷, M. C. Tringali ⁶², A. Tripathee ⁹¹, G. Troian ^187,48, A. Trovato ^187,48, L. Trozzo⁴, R. J. Trudeau¹¹, T. Tsang ³³, S. Tsuchida ³¹⁶, L. Tsukada ²¹⁵, K. Turbang ^190,23, M. Turconi ¹¹⁴, C. Turski⁹⁵, H. Ubach ^83,84, T. Uchiyama ⁵⁰, R. P. Udall ¹¹, T. Uehara ³¹⁷, K. Ueno ⁴², V. Undheim ²⁷⁹, L. E. Uronen²²¹, T. Ushiba ⁵⁰, M. Vacatello ^81,82, H. Vahlbruch ^8,9, N. Vaidya ¹¹, G. Vajente ¹¹, A. Vajpeyi⁶, J. Valencia ⁹⁹, M. Valentini ^108,37, S. A. Vallejo-Peña ²⁹⁷, S. Vallero²⁸, V. Valsan ¹⁰, M. van Dael ^37,318, E. Van den Bossche ¹⁹⁰, J. F. J. van den Brand ^172,108,37, C. Van Den Broeck^72,37, M. van der Sluys ^37,72, A. Van de Walle⁴¹, J. van Dongen ^37,108, K. Vandra¹⁰³, M. VanDyke¹²⁰, H. van Haevermaet ²³, J. V. van Heijningen ^37,108, P. Van Hove ⁶⁵, J. Vanier²⁶¹, M. VanKeuren¹⁰⁵, J. Vanosky², N. van Remortel ²³, M. Vardaro^172,37, A. F. Vargas ¹²⁵, V. Varma ¹³⁴, A. N. Vazquez⁹⁰, A. Vecchio ¹¹⁹, G. Vedovato⁹³, J. Veitch ⁸⁷, P. J. Veitch ¹¹⁶, S. Venikoudis¹²³, R. C. Venterea ¹⁸, P. Verdier ⁵⁶, M. Vereecken¹²³, D. Verkindt ³¹, B. Verma¹³⁴, Y. Verma ¹⁰⁴, S. M. Vermeulen ¹¹, F. Vetrano⁶⁰, A. Veutro ^38,64, A. Viceré ^60,61, S. Vidyant⁷⁹, A. D. Viets ⁸⁹, A. Vijaykumar ¹⁹², A. Vilkha¹¹¹, N. Villanueva Espinosa¹³⁹, V. Villa-Ortega ¹⁸⁰, E. T. Vincent ⁵⁷, J.-Y. Vinet¹¹⁴, S. Viret⁵⁶, S. Vitale ³⁵, H. Vocca ^77,51, D. Voigt ⁹⁸, E. R. G. von Reis², J. S. A. von Wrangel^8,9, W. E. Vossius²³³, L. Vujeva ¹⁴¹, S. P. Vyatchanin ¹⁰⁹, J. Wack¹¹, L. E. Wade¹⁰⁵, M. Wade ¹⁰⁵, K. J. Wagner ¹¹¹, L. Wallace¹¹, E. J. Wang⁹⁰, H. Wang ²¹⁹, J. Z. Wang⁹¹, W. H. Wang¹⁶⁶, Y. F. Wang ¹, G. Waratkar ¹⁹⁷, J. Warner², M. Was ³¹, T. Washimi ²⁵, N. Y. Washington¹¹, D. Watarai⁴², B. Weaver², S. A. Webster⁸⁷, N. L. Weickhardt ⁹⁸, M. Weinert^8,9, A. J. Weinstein ¹¹, R. Weiss³⁵, L. Wen ⁷³, K. Wette ³⁴, J. T. Whelan ¹¹¹, B. F. Whiting ⁴⁶, C. Whittle ¹¹, E. G. Wickens⁷⁴, D. Wilken ^8,9, A. T. Wilkin²¹³, B. M. Williams¹²⁰, D. Williams ⁸⁷, M. J. Williams ⁷⁴, N. S. Williams ¹, J. L. Willis ¹¹, B. Willke ^9,8, M. Wils ¹¹⁰, L. Wilson¹⁰⁵, C. W. Winborn¹⁰⁶, J. Winterflood⁷³, C. C. Wipf¹¹, G. Woan ⁸⁷, J. Woehler^172,37, N. E. Wolfe³⁵, H. T. Wong ¹⁴², I. C. F. Wong ^221,110, K. Wong¹⁹², T. Wouters^72,37, J. L. Wright², M. Wright ^87,72, B. Wu⁷⁹, C. Wu ¹⁴³, D. S. Wu ^8,9, H. Wu ¹⁴³, K. Wu¹²⁰, Q. Wu⁵³, Y. Wu⁹⁷, Z. Wu ¹⁰¹, E. Wuchner⁵⁴, D. M. Wysocki ¹⁰, V. A. Xu ²⁰⁹, Y. Xu ⁹⁹, N. Yadav ²⁸, H. Yamamoto ¹¹, K. Yamamoto ¹⁵³, T. S. Yamamoto ⁴², T. Yamamoto ⁵⁰, R. Yamazaki ²³², T. Yan¹¹⁹, F. Yang ⁴⁶, K. Z. Yang ¹⁸, Y. Yang ¹⁴⁷, Z. Yarbrough ¹², J. Yebana⁹⁹, S.-W. Yeh¹⁴³, A. B. Yelikar ¹⁴⁵, X. Yin³⁵, J. Yokoyama ^319,42, T. Yokozawa⁵⁰, S. Yuan⁷³, H. Yuzurihara ⁵⁰, M. Zanolin⁶⁶, M. Zeeshan ¹¹¹, T. Zelenova⁶², J.-P. Zendri⁹³, M. Zeoli ¹²³, M. Zerrad⁴⁰, M. Zevin ⁹⁷, L. Zhang¹¹, N. Zhang ⁵⁷, R. Zhang ¹⁵¹, T. Zhang¹¹⁹, C. Zhao ⁷³, Yue Zhao¹⁶³, Yuhang Zhao²⁰, Z.-C. Zhao ³²⁰, Y. Zheng ¹⁰⁶, H. Zhong ¹⁸, H. Zhou⁷⁹, H. O. Zhu⁷³, Z.-H. Zhu ^320,321, A. B. Zimmerman ¹⁴⁹, L. Zimmermann⁵⁶, M. E. Zucker ^35,11, J. Zweizig ¹¹, and J. Shu ^322,323,324 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, and KAGRA Collaboration)

¹Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
²LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
³Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
⁴INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
⁵University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
⁶OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
⁷The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
⁸Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
⁹Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
¹⁰University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
¹¹LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
¹²Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
¹³Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
¹⁴Centre de Physique Théorique, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
¹⁵Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
¹⁶Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
¹⁷University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
¹⁸University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
¹⁹Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
²⁰Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
²¹Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
²²INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
²³Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
²⁴International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
²⁵Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²⁶Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²⁷Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
²⁸INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
²⁹INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
³⁰Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
³¹Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
³²Università di Napoli “Federico II,” I-80126 Napoli, Italy
³³Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
³⁴OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
³⁵LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
³⁶Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
³⁷Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
³⁸INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
³⁹Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
⁴⁰Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
⁴¹Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
⁴²University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
⁴³Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁴⁴Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
⁴⁵INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
⁴⁶University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
⁴⁷Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Informatiche e Fisiche, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
⁴⁸INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
⁴⁹Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
⁵⁰Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
⁵¹INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
⁵²Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
⁵³University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
⁵⁴California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
⁵⁵SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
⁵⁶Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁵⁷Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
⁵⁸Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
⁵⁹Astronomical course, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
⁶⁰Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
⁶¹INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
⁶²European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
⁶³LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
⁶⁴Università di Roma “Louisiana Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
⁶⁵Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
⁶⁶Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
⁶⁷Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello,” Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
⁶⁸King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
⁶⁹Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
⁷⁰International College, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
⁷¹Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
⁷²Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
⁷³OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
⁷⁴University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
⁷⁵Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
⁷⁶INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
⁷⁷Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
⁷⁸University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
⁷⁹Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
⁸⁰Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
⁸¹INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
⁸²Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
⁸³Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
⁸⁴Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
⁸⁵Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, c. Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
⁸⁶Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana,” Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
⁸⁷IGR, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
⁸⁸HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
⁸⁹Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
⁹⁰Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
⁹¹University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
⁹²Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁹³INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁹⁴Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
⁹⁵Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
⁹⁶Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
⁹⁷Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
⁹⁸Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
⁹⁹IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
¹⁰⁰Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Marseille, France
¹⁰¹Laboratoire des 2 Infinis - Toulouse (L2IT-IN2P3), F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
¹⁰²Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, I-53100 Siena, Italy
¹⁰³Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
¹⁰⁴RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
¹⁰⁵Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
¹⁰⁶Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
¹⁰⁷Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
¹⁰⁸Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
¹⁰⁹Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
¹¹⁰Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
¹¹¹Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
¹¹²Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
¹¹³Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
¹¹⁴Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de Louisiana Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
¹¹⁵University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
¹¹⁶OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
¹¹⁷Centre national de Louisiana recherche scientifique, 75016 Paris, France
¹¹⁸Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
¹¹⁹University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
¹²⁰Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
¹²¹Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
¹²²Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
¹²³Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-Louisiana-Neuve, Belgium
¹²⁴Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
¹²⁵OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
¹²⁶Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
¹²⁷University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
¹²⁸Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
¹²⁹INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
¹³⁰Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
¹³¹University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
¹³²University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
¹³³INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
¹³⁴University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, USA
¹³⁵Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, 2100 København, Denmark
¹³⁶Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
¹³⁷Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali di Roma, 00133 Roma, Italy
¹³⁸Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
¹³⁹Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
¹⁴⁰Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
¹⁴¹Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Kóbenhavn, Denmark
¹⁴²National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
¹⁴³National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
¹⁴⁴OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
¹⁴⁵Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
¹⁴⁶University of Chinese Academy of Sciences / International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, Beijing 100190, China
¹⁴⁷Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 101 University Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
¹⁴⁸Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
¹⁴⁹University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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¹⁵³Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
¹⁵⁴Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
¹⁵⁵University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
¹⁵⁶OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
¹⁵⁷INFN Cagliari, Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
¹⁵⁸Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Università 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
¹⁵⁹Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
¹⁶⁰INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
¹⁶¹Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
¹⁶²Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
¹⁶³The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
¹⁶⁴Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
¹⁶⁵University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
¹⁶⁶The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
¹⁶⁷Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
¹⁶⁸DIFA- Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33–40126 Bologna, Italy
¹⁶⁹Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Bologna, viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2–40127 Bologna, Italy
¹⁷⁰University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
¹⁷¹INFN-CNAF - Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat, 6/2, 40127 Bologna BO, Italy
¹⁷²Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland Maastricht, Netherlands
¹⁷³Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
¹⁷⁴INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
¹⁷⁵Université de Normandie, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, F-14000 Caen, France
¹⁷⁶Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire Caen, 6 boulevard du maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
¹⁷⁷The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
¹⁷⁸Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
¹⁷⁹Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
¹⁸⁰IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
¹⁸¹Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
¹⁸²INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
¹⁸³California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
¹⁸⁴Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
¹⁸⁵Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
¹⁸⁶Corps des Mines, Mines Paris, Université PSL, 60 Bd Saint-Michel, 75272 Paris, France
¹⁸⁷Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
¹⁸⁸Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de Louisiana Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Lagrange, F-06304 Nice, France
¹⁸⁹National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
¹⁹⁰Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
¹⁹¹University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
¹⁹²Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
¹⁹³Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
¹⁹⁴Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
¹⁹⁵Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
¹⁹⁶HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
¹⁹⁷Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
¹⁹⁸Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto, Universidade do Minho, PT-4710-057 Braga, Portugal
¹⁹⁹Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
²⁰⁰CNR-SPIN, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
²⁰¹Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
²⁰²Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
²⁰³SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
²⁰⁴Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida 33168, USA
²⁰⁵Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
²⁰⁶Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
²⁰⁷Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
²⁰⁸University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
²⁰⁹University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
²¹⁰Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
²¹¹Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans, UMR CNRS 6613, F-72085 Le Mans, France
²¹²University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
²¹³University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
²¹⁴Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Elettronica e Meccanica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
²¹⁵University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
²¹⁶University of Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, United Kingdom
²¹⁷Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, Ari’el, Israel
²¹⁸The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
²¹⁹Graduate School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
²²⁰Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. II, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
²²¹The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
²²²American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
²²³Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy
²²⁴INFN, sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy
²²⁵Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
²²⁶University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
²²⁷University of Lancaster, Lancaster Louisiana1 4YW, United Kingdom
²²⁸College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
²²⁹Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
²³⁰Department of Physics, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Rd., Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
²³¹Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
²³²Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
²³³Helmut Schmidt University, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
²³⁴Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
²³⁵Directorate of Construction, Services & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, India
²³⁶Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, 11 Rue de l’Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France
²³⁷Faculty of Physics, University of Białystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
²³⁸National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
²³⁹School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
²⁴⁰Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
²⁴¹Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
²⁴²Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
²⁴³Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
²⁴⁴University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
²⁴⁵Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 9GH2+3V5, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
²⁴⁶Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
²⁴⁷National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
²⁴⁸Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
²⁴⁹Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, 9 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
²⁵⁰Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
²⁵¹Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²⁵²Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
²⁵³Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
²⁵⁴Bard College, Annandale-Ontario-Hudson, New York 12504, USA
²⁵⁵Technical University of Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
²⁵⁶Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
²⁵⁷Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Cracow, Poland
²⁵⁸Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 8-35151 Padova, Italy
²⁵⁹Sezione di Padova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via Marzolo, 8-35131 Padova, Italy
²⁶⁰Department of Physics, Nagoya University, ES building, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
²⁶¹Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
²⁶²Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
²⁶³Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
²⁶⁴Department of Computer Simulation, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Republic of Korea
²⁶⁵NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-Louisiana-Vallée, France
²⁶⁶Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²⁶⁷Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
²⁶⁸St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, Florida 33054, USA
²⁶⁹Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
²⁷⁰Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
²⁷¹Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
²⁷²Institut fuer Theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum fuer Astronomie Heidelberg, Universitaet Heidelberg, Albert Ueberle Strasse 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
²⁷³Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
²⁷⁴Research Center for Space Science, Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo City University, 3-3-1 Ushikubo-Nishi, Tsuzuki-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 224-8551, Japan
²⁷⁵Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
²⁷⁶Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, F-91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France
²⁷⁷Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, 67 Fukakusa Tsukamoto-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
²⁷⁸Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
²⁷⁹University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
²⁸⁰Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
²⁸¹GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
²⁸²University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
²⁸³Observatoire de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
²⁸⁴Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
²⁸⁵Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
²⁸⁶University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
²⁸⁷CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
²⁸⁸Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, I-00185 Roma, Italy
²⁸⁹Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
²⁹⁰Department of Physics, University of Guadalajara, Av. Revolucion 1500, Colonia Olimpica C.P. 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
²⁹¹Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
²⁹²INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
²⁹³Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
²⁹⁴Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi,” I-00184 Roma, Italy
²⁹⁵Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
²⁹⁶Subatech, CNRS/IN2P3 - IMT Atlantique - Nantes Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler BP 20722 44307 Nantes CÉDEX 03, France
²⁹⁷Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
²⁹⁸Departamento de Física - ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain
²⁹⁹Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
³⁰⁰Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA
³⁰¹Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università Degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
³⁰²Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
³⁰³Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
³⁰⁴Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
³⁰⁵Laboratoire MSME, Cité Descartes, 5 Boulevard Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77454 Marne-Louisiana-Vallée Cedex 2, France
³⁰⁶Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, 1-79-1 Kitayama, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
³⁰⁷NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
³⁰⁸Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
³⁰⁹Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, (CNRS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité), F-75005 Paris, France
³¹⁰Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Ludwika Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
³¹¹Laser Interferometry and Gravitational Wave Astronomy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Callinstrasse 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
³¹²The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
³¹³Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
³¹⁴Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
³¹⁵University of Catania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Via S. Sofia, 64, 95123 Catania CT, Italy
³¹⁶National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Geshi-cho, Sabae-shi, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
³¹⁷Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
³¹⁸Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 Manitoba Eindhoven, Netherlands
³¹⁹Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), WPI, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
³²⁰Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
³²¹School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Bayi Road 299, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
³²²School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
³²³Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
³²⁴Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Huairou, Beiing,101400, China

^*Full author list given at the end of the Letter.
^†Deceased.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 131001 – Published 22 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qdnd-rsnh

Abstract

We present a search of data from the first part of the fourth observing run of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA for three kinds of dark matter—dilatons (spin-0), dark photons (spin-1), and tensor bosons (spin-2)—using three independent methods, each extended to search for all three candidates. Each dark matter candidate could interact with different standard-model particles in the instruments, causing unique differential strains on the interferometers. While we do not find any evidence for a signal, we place the most stringent upper limits to date on the couplings of each dark matter model to the interferometers. For scalars with masses between $[4 \times 10^{- 14}, 1.5 \times 10^{- 13}] eV$ that couple to photons or electrons, our constraints on the scalar-to-electron or photon coupling improve upon those from the third observing run by 1 order of magnitude, with the tightest limit of $\sim 10^{- 20} {GeV}^{- 1}$ at a mass of $\sim 2 \times 10^{- 13} eV$ . For vectors with masses between $[7 \times 10^{- 13}, 8.47 \times 10^{- 12}] eV$ that couple to baryons, our constraints on the dark-photon or baryon coupling supersede those from MICROSCOPE and Eöt-Wash by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, reaching a minimum of $\sim 5 \times 10^{- 24}$ at a mass of $\sim 10^{- 12} eV$ . For tensors with masses of $[4 \times 10^{- 14}, 8.47 \times 10^{- 12}] eV$ (the full mass range analyzed) that couple via a Yukawa interaction, our constraints, which are the first obtained from gravitational-wave interferometers, surpass those from fifth-force experiments by 4 to 5 orders of magnitude, achieving a limit as low as $\sim 8 \times 10^{- 9}$ at $\sim 2 \times 10^{- 13} eV$ . Our results show that each method has substantially different sensitivity to each dark matter candidate, highlighting the importance of a multimethod approach to search for new physics. Moreover, they demonstrate that gravitational-wave interferometers can simultaneously probe multiple ultralight dark matter models and place unprecedented constraints on tensor fields arising in a broad range of modified-gravity theories.

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Article Text

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 131001– Published 22 September, 2026

Vol. 137, Iss. 13 — 25 September 2026

Received 11 November 2025
Revised 3 June 2026
Accepted 17 August 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qdnd-rsnh

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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Direct Multimodel Dark Matter Search with Gravitational-Wave Interferometers Using Data from the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

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