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First Global Extraction of Generalized Parton Distributions from Experiment and Lattice Data with Next-to-Leading-Order Accuracy

Yuxun Guo1,2,*, Fatma P. Aslan3,†, Xiangdong Ji4,‡, and M. Gabriel Santiago3,5,6,7,§

  • *Contact author: yuxunguo@lbl.gov
  • †Contact author: fpaslan@jlab.org
  • ‡Contact author: xji@umd.edu
  • §Contact author: melvin.santiago@temple.edu
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 261903 – Published 30 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qct5-y7rp

Abstract

We report the first global extraction of generalized parton distributions, GUMP 1.0, by combining deeply virtual Compton scattering and ρ-meson production data from Jefferson Lab and the Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator with global fits of parton distribution functions, charge form factors, and lattice quantum chromodynamics simulations. Using a conformal moment space parametrization, we achieve a unified description across low- and high-x regions at next to leading order accuracy in perturbative corrections. The results provide state-of-the-art generalized parton distributions consistent with almost all known facts, enabling three-dimensional nucleon imaging in impact parameter space and, at the same time, establishing a benchmark for future theoretical and experimental studies of the nucleon structure.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 261903– Published 30 December, 2025
  • Received 12 September 2025
  • Accepted 9 December 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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