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Microwave Imaging of Edge Conductivity in Graphene at Charge Neutrality and Quantum Hall States

Hongtao Yan1,*, Chun-Chih Tseng2,*, Anzhuoer Li1,*, Manish Kumar2, Kaile Wang1, Shizai Chu1, Kenji Watanabe3, Takashi Taniguchi4, Allan H. MacDonald1,† et al.

Matthew Yankowitz2,‡ and Keji Lai1,§

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †contact author: macdpc@physics.utexas.edu
  • ‡contact author: myank@uw.edu
  • §contact author: kejilai@physics.utexas.edu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 176603 – Published 1 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/q8hg-pwbf

Abstract

We report local conductivity imaging of edge states in monolayer graphene by millikelvin microwave impedance microscopy. At the charge-neutrality point, as the magnetic field increases, the local conductivity at the edge drops to zero more slowly than in the bulk. This behavior is consistent with the calculated spatial profile of the charge gap in the canted antiferromagnetic phase. For comparison, we also perform microwave imaging of integer quantum Hall states away from neutrality, which host dissipationless chiral edge channels. The evolution of the edge signal as a function of the bulk gap is fundamentally different between the Landau level filling factor ν=0 and |ν|≥1 integer quantum Hall states, which can be qualitatively explained by numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. Our results provide a comprehensive microscopic picture of the edge and bulk states as the Fermi level moves across the unique Landau-level spectrum of graphene.

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