Three-Dimensional Topological Ferroelectrics
Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 196601 – Published 4 November, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nwyq-3t1f
Abstract
Three-dimensional topological ferroelectric (3D-TFE) insulators, in which topological and ferroelectric orders naturally coexist, enable field-controlled spintronic devices. In this Letter, we predict a previously unknown structure of bismuth monohalides (, I), denoted the phase, and demonstrate that it is an ideal 3D-TFE insulator. Systematic first-principles calculations confirm the stability and synthesizability of . Although the noncentrosymmetric phase crystallizes in the space group with no symmetry-based classifications or indicators, the nontrivial topology can be characterized by the nonzero spin Chern number. Moreover, the -direction polarization can be switched by interlayer sliding with a small energy barrier. Finally, we design an electrically controlled spin-filter device that can generate a switchable spin-polarized current. Combining a single-phase crystal, a sizable band gap, and robust band topology against ferroelectric switching, these bismuth monohalides serve as a prototype of intrinsic 3D-TFE insulators, providing an ideal platform for realizing new nonvolatile functionalities in spintronic devices.