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    Constraints on Dark Matter Models from Supermassive Black Hole Evolution

    John Ellis1,2,*, Malcolm Fairbairn1,†, Juan Urrutia3,4,‡, and Ville Vaskonen3,5,6,§

    • *Contact author: john.ellis@cern.ch
    • †Contact author: malcolm.fairbairn@kcl.ac.uk
    • ‡Contact author: juan.urrutia@kbfi.ee
    • §Contact author: ville.vaskonen@pd.infn.it

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 131001 – Published 30 March, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/njd2-3vdl

    Abstract

    A semianalytical model for the evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes within the cold dark matter paradigm has been shown to yield stellar-black hole mass relations that reproduce both the James Webb Space Telescope and pre-Webb telescope observations. Either fuzzy or warm dark matter would suppress the formation of the smaller galactic halos that play important roles in the cold dark matter fit to the high-redshift supermassive black hole data. Our analysis of the stellar-black hole mass relation disfavors fuzzy dark matter fields with masses <2.0×10−20  eV and warm dark matter particles with masses <7.2  keV, both at the 95% confidence level.

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