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  • Open Access

Fourier-Space Approach to Physics-Informed Magnetization Reconstruction from Nitrogen-Vacancy Measurements

Alexander Setescak1,2,*, Florian Bruckner1, Dieter Suess1, Young-Gwan Choi3,4, Hayden Binger3, Lotte Boer3, Chenhui Zhang5, Hyunsoo Yang5, Claire Donnelly3 et al.

Uri Vool3 and Claas Abert1

  • *Contact author: alexander.setescak@univie.ac.at
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 166702 – Published 14 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nc5g-3yw9

Abstract

Reconstructing magnetization textures from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometry stray-field measurements is a challenging, fundamentally ill-posed inverse problem, further complicated by the unknown effective distance between sensor and magnetic material. Here we show that incorporating a micromagnetic energy functional directly into the inversion filters out unphysical, high-energy configurations, while Fourier-space upward continuation of the stray field allows us to simultaneously fit the distance. Applied to measurements of the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3−xGaTe2, it recovers an effective distance estimate of approximately 81  nm and low-energy configurations that reproduce the observed field. More broadly, embedding physics directly into the reconstruction turns ill-posed magnetic inverse problems into transparent, interpretable reconstructions, with applicability well beyond NV magnetometry.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 166702– Published 14 October, 2026
  • Received 1 April 2026
  • Revised 28 July 2026
  • Accepted 8 September 2026
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