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Quantum Teleportation over Thermal Microwave Network

W. K. Yam1,2,*, S. Gandorfer1,2, F. Fesquet1,2, M. Handschuh1,2, K. E. Honasoge1,2, A. Marx1, R. Gross1,2,3, and K. G. Fedorov1,2,3,†

  • *Contact author: WunKwan.Yam@wmi.badw.de
  • †Contact author: Kirill.Fedorov@wmi.badw.de
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 180801 – Published 4 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/n8j9-63mz

Abstract

Quantum communication in the microwave regime is set to play an important role in distributed quantum computing and hybrid quantum networks. However, typical superconducting quantum circuits require millikelvin temperatures for operation, which poses a significant challenge for large-scale microwave quantum networks. Here, we present a solution to this challenge by demonstrating the successful quantum teleportation of microwave coherent states between two spatially separated dilution refrigerators over a thermal microwave channel in the temperature range up to 4 K. We distribute two-mode squeezed states over this noisy channel and employ the resulting quantum entanglement for quantum teleportation of coherent states with fidelities of 72.3±0.5% at 1 K and 59.9±2.5% at 4 K, exceeding the no-cloning and classical communication thresholds, respectively. We successfully model the teleportation protocol using a Gaussian operator formalism that includes losses and noise. Our analysis shows that the teleportation infidelity mainly stems from a parasitic heating of the cold quantum nodes due to the hot network connection. These results demonstrate the experimental feasibility of distributed superconducting architectures and motivate further investigations of noisy quantum networks in various frequency regimes.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 180801– Published 4 May, 2026
  • Received 15 October 2025
  • Revised 23 January 2026
  • Accepted 9 March 2026
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