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Gapless Single-Spin Qubit

Maximilian Rimbach-Russ*, Valentin John, Barnaby van Straaten, and Stefano Bosco

  • *Contact author: m.f.russ@tudelft.nl
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 197001 – Published 3 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mvtj-zhrl

Abstract

All-electrical baseband control of qubits facilitates scaling up quantum processors by removing issues of crosstalk and heat generation. In semiconductor quantum dots, this is enabled by multispin qubit encodings, such as the exchange-only qubit. However, their performance is limited by unavoidable leakage states that are energetically close to the computational subspace. In this Letter, we introduce an alternative, scalable spin qubit architecture that leverages strong spin-orbit interactions of hole nanostructures for baseband qubit operations while completely eliminating leakage channels and reducing the overall gate overhead. This encoding is intrinsically robust to local variability in hole spin properties and operates with two degenerate states, removing the need for precise calibration and mitigating heat generation from fast signal sources. Finally, our architecture is fully compatible with current technology, utilizing the same initialization, readout, and multiqubit protocols of state-of-the-art spin-1/2 systems. By addressing critical scalability challenges, our design offers a robust and scalable pathway for semiconductor spin qubit technologies.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 197001– Published 3 November, 2025
  • Received 18 December 2024
  • Revised 6 August 2025
  • Accepted 9 September 2025
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