Low-Overhead and High-Fidelity Preparation of Logical Non-Clifford States with Multilevel Transversal Injection
Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 080603 – Published 24 February, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mjsj-hxyj
Abstract
Rotation gates are widely used in various quantum algorithms. To implement fault-tolerant rotation gates, state distillation or gate synthesis is typically employed. However, the overhead of these schemes scales rapidly with increasing Clifford hierarchy levels and required fidelity, limiting their use in large-scale quantum algorithms. In this Letter, we propose a method termed multilevel transversal injection (MLTI) for preparing rotation states at arbitrary Clifford hierarchy levels, which achieves high fidelity while significantly reducing overhead compared to previous methods. Unlike the linear cost scaling of state distillation, the overhead of MLTI drops with Clifford hierarchy levels and then plateaus at higher levels, slashing the required space-time volume by up to several orders of magnitude. Additionally, we introduce a method for eliminating the off-diagonal terms of rotation states without extra overhead, unifying the metrics of infidelity and trace distance. These results efficiently mitigate the prohibitive overhead for high-precision rotation gates, and thus bring the broad adoption of large-scale quantum algorithms a critical step closer to reality.
