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    Ising Superconductivity in Bulk Layered Noncentrosymmetric 4H−NbSe2

    Chandan Patra1,*, Tarushi Agarwal1,*, Rahul Verma2,*, Poulami Manna1, Shashank Srivastava1, Ravi Shankar Singh1, Mathias S. Scheurer3, Bahadur Singh2,†, and Ravi Prakash Singh1,‡

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: bahadur.singh@tifr.res.in
    • ‡Contact author: rpsingh@iiserb.ac.in

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 216002 – Published 18 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/m9xx-gk46

    Abstract

    Transition-metal dichalcogenides exhibit multiple polymorphs that enable the exploration of diverse quantum states, including valley-selective spin polarization, the valley Hall effect, Ising superconductivity, and nontrivial topology. Monolayer 2H−NbSe2 is a promising candidate for realizing Ising superconductivity due to its spin-split, out-of-plane spin-polarized states arising from inversion symmetry breaking and strong spin-orbit coupling. In contrast, bulk 2H−NbSe2 retains inversion symmetry and lacks spin splitting, limiting its suitability for hosting Ising superconductivity. Here, we report the growth of high-quality single crystals of the acentric bulk superconducting polymorph 4H−NbSe2, which intrinsically breaks the inversion symmetry and supports valley-selective spin-polarized states. Magnetization and resistivity measurements reveal anisotropic superconductivity, with the in-plane upper critical field exceeding the Pauli limit, while out-of-plane fields suppress superconductivity more rapidly before reaching the Pauli limit, which strongly suggests the presence of Ising pairing. First-principles calculations and symmetry analysis confirm significant valley-selective spin splitting with out-of-plane spin polarization, further supporting the emergence of Ising superconductivity in 4H−NbSe2. These results establish 4H−NbSe2 as a robust bulk platform to investigate Ising superconductivity and valley-selective phenomena in transition-metal dichalcogenides.

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