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    Coherent Subgap Transport in Spin-Split Josephson Junctions

    David Caldevilla-Asenjo1,*, Gorm Ole Steffensen2,*, Sara Catalano1,3, Alberto Hijano1,4, Maxim Ilyn1, Celia Rogero1, Ramon Aguado2, F. Sebastian Bergeret1,5,†, and Alfredo Levy Yeyati6,‡

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • Contact author: fs.bergeret@csic.es
    • Contact author: a.l.yeyati@uam.es

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 176301 – Published 28 April, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lt7q-6ff3

    Abstract

    We report the first experimental observation of subgap transport in ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor–insulator–superconductor junctions realized in EuS/Al/AlOx/Al vertical stacks. Differential conductance measurements reveal multiple Andreev reflection peaks, with odd-order peaks split by the spin-splitting induced in the superconductor adjacent to EuS, while even-order peaks remain unaffected. Combining experiments with quasiclassical transport modeling, we extract the spin-splitting and an approximate distribution of transmission channels, finding that roughly a hundred highly transmitting (τ>0.3) channels will dominate transport. The observation of a Josephson current further confirms strong superconducting coupling through these channels. Our results demonstrate that a single spin-split superconductor is sufficient to observe the even-odd multiple Andreev reflection effect. Our work establishes EuS/Al junctions as a versatile platform to study subgap transport, Josephson coupling, and spin-polarized superconducting phenomena.

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