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    Boundary Criticality at the Nishimori Multicritical Point

    Sheng Yang1,*, Xinyu Sun2,*, and Shao-Kai Jian3,†

    • 1Institute for Advanced Study in Physics and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    • 2Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    • 3Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: sjian@tulane.edu

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 067101 – Published 6 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/khwm-xzvw

    Abstract

    We study boundary criticality at the Nishimori multicritical point of the two-dimensional (2D) random-bond Ising model. Using tensor-network methods, we construct a family of microscopic boundary conditions that incorporates both boundary-spin rotation and boundary disorder. We identify three conformal boundary fixed points, corresponding to free, fixed, and random boundary conditions, and map out the boundary renormalization group flows among them. We extract the corresponding boundary conformal data, including the boundary entropies and the scaling dimensions of boundary primary operators, which characterize the boundary universality class. At the free boundary fixed point, we uncover the multifractal scaling of boundary-spin fields. We further complement the numerical results with a controlled renormalization group analysis. Finally, we connect the boundary conformal data to quantum error-correcting codes, establishing a bridge between boundary universality class and boundary decoding threshold.

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