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    Electric-Field Control of Zero-Dimensional Topological States in Ultranarrow Germanene Nanoribbons

    Lumen Eek1,*, Esra D. van ’t Westende2,*, Dennis J. Klaassen2, Harold J. W. Zandvliet2, Pantelis Bampoulis2,†, and Cristiane Morais Smith1,‡

    • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • 2Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: p.bampoulis@utwente.nl
    • ‡Contact author: c.demoraissmith@uu.nl

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 206601 – Published 12 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jx2x-fb5b

    Abstract

    Reversible, all-electric control of symmetry-protected zero-dimensional modes has been a long-standing goal. In buckled honeycomb lattices, a perpendicular field couples to the staggered sublattice potential providing the required handle. We combine scanning tunneling microscopy and tight-binding theory to switch zero-dimensional topological end states reversibly on and off in ultranarrow germanene nanoribbons by tuning the electric field in the tunnel junction. Increasing the field switches off the end modes of topological two-hexagon-wide ribbons, while the same field switches on zero-dimensional states in initially trivial three- and four-hexagon-wide ribbons. This atomic scale platform realizes a proof of principle for a zero-dimensional topological field effect device, opening a path for ultrasmall memory, controllable qubits, and neuromorphic architectures.

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