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    Diameter-Controlled High-Order Vortex States and Magnon Hybridization in VSe2 Nanotubes

    Jia-Wen Li1,2,*, Xin-Wei Yi3, Jin Zhang1, Gang Su3,2,4,†, and Bo Gu2,4,‡

    • *Contact author: lijw2025@nanoctr.cn
    • †Contact author: gsu@ucas.ac.cn
    • ‡Contact author: gubo@ucas.ac.cn

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 096703 – Published 4 March, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jr3h-1674

    Abstract

    Curved magnets offer a rich phase diagram and hold great promise for next-generation spintronic technologies. This Letter establishes the paramount significance of high-order vortex states (e.g., 3φ with winding number n≥2) in VSe2 nanotubes, which uniquely enable magnonic functionalities fundamentally inaccessible to conventional magnetic systems, and additionally, the superposition of high-order vortex and helical states is identified. These states arise from diameter-dependent competition between the nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic (J1) and longer-range antiferromagnetic (J2/J3) couplings, as jointly validated through density-functional theory calculations and Heisenberg modeling of phase diagrams. Based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, we show that vortex states exhibit orbital angular momentum (OAM) hybridization governed by selection rules: magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and an external magnetic field couple the l mode to l±2(n1) and l±n, respectively. For the 3φ state, MAE couples the l=0 mode with l=±4, producing eight-petal magnon density patterns and providing a natural mechanism for generating high-OAM magnons. These findings establish a predictive theoretical framework for controlling high-order vortex states in curved magnets and highlight VSe2 nanotubes as a promising platform for exploring complex magnetism and for the development of future magnonic and spintronic devices.

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