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    Third-Order Nonlinear Transport in a Percolative Two-Dimensional Superconductor

    Wenjun Liu1,*, Chenghe Wang1,*, Xiubin Li1, Kenji Watanabe2, Takashi Taniguchi3, Tao Zhang1, Xiao-Xiao Zhang1,†, and Jing Li1,‡

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: xxzhang@hust.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: jing_li@hust.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 056201 – Published 29 July, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jcrm-953w

    Abstract

    Percolative superconductivity frequently arises in two-dimensional van der Waals materials due to reduced dimensionality, enhanced quantum fluctuations, and complex electron-phonon interactions, providing a unique platform where normal electrons coexist with Cooper pairs. We report the observation of substantial third-order nonlinear transport in a trilayer 1T′−MoTe2 superconductor within its percolative transition regime. The third-harmonic longitudinal voltage (V∥3ω) exhibits a clear cubic dependence on excitation current below a threshold, with both its magnitude and nonlinear coefficient strongly correlated with the superconducting state. This nonlinear response is semiquantitatively captured by the superconducting fluctuation within the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, where nonlinear transport arises due to fluctuating Cooper pairs. Our results demonstrate that third-order nonlinear transport serves as a sensitive probe of superconducting transitions in percolative systems and establish a foundation for exploring higher-order transport phenomena in strongly correlated systems.

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