- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Letters

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Tidal Resonance in Binary Neutron Star Inspirals: A High-Precision Study in Numerical Relativity

Hao-Jui Kuan1,*, Kenta Kiuchi1,2, and Masaru Shibata1,2

  • *Contact author: hao-jui.kuan@aei.mpg.de
PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 141403 – Published 1 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/j3zk-z17h

Abstract

We investigate the tidal resonance of the fundamental (f) mode in spinning neutron stars, robustly tracing the onset of the excitation to its saturation, using numerical relativity for the first time. We performed long-term (≈15 orbits) fully relativistic simulations of a merger of two highly and retrogradely spinning neutron stars. The resonance window of the f mode is extended by self-interaction, and the nonlinear resonance continues up to the final plunging phase. We observe that the quasicircular orbit is maintained throughout since the dissipation of orbit motion due to the resonance is coherent with that due to gravitational waves. The f-mode resonance causes a variation in the stellar spin of ≳6.3% in the linear regime and much more as ∼33% during the later nonlinear regime. At the merger, a phase shift of ≲40  rad is rendered in the gravitational waveform as a consequence of the angular momentum and energy transfers into the neutron star oscillations.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (130)

  1. N. Andersson, V. Ferrari, D. I. Jones, K. D. Kokkotas, B. Krishnan, J. S. Read, L. Rezzolla, and B. Zink, Gravitational waves from neutron stars: Promises and challenges, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 43, 409 (2011).
  2. A. Guerra Chaves and T. Hinderer, Probing the equation of state of neutron star matter with gravitational waves from binary inspirals in light of GW170817: A brief review, J. Phys. G 46, 123002 (2019).
  3. K. Chatziioannou, Neutron star tidal deformability and equation of state constraints, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 52, 109 (2020).
  4. T. Dietrich, T. Hinderer, and A. Samajdar, Interpreting binary neutron star mergers: Describing the binary neutron star dynamics, modelling gravitational waveforms, and analyzing detections, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 53, 27 (2021).
  5. A. G. Suvorov, H.-J. Kuan, and K. D. Kokkotas, Premerger phenomena in neutron-star binary coalescences, Universe 10, 441 (2024).
  6. J. M. Lattimer and M. Prakash, Neutron star structure and the equation of state, Astrophys. J. 550, 426 (2001).
  7. E. E. Flanagan and T. Hinderer, Constraining neutron star tidal Love numbers with gravitational wave detectors, Phys. Rev. D 77, 021502(E) (2008).
  8. T. Hinderer, Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars, Astrophys. J. 677, 1216 (2008); 697, 964(E) (2009).
  9. T. Hinderer, B. D. Lackey, R. N. Lang, and J. S. Read, Tidal deformability of neutron stars with realistic equations of state and their gravitational wave signatures in binary inspiral, Phys. Rev. D 81, 123016 (2010).
  10. T. Binnington and E. Poisson, Relativistic theory of tidal Love numbers, Phys. Rev. D 80, 084018 (2009).
  11. T. Damour and A. Nagar, Relativistic tidal properties of neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 80, 084035 (2009).
  12. E. Annala, T. Gorda, A. Kurkela, and A. Vuorinen, Gravitational-wave constraints on the neutron-star-matter equation of state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 172703 (2018).
  13. B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific and Virgo Collaborations), GW170817: Measurements of neutron star radii and equation of state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 161101 (2018).
  14. E. R. Most, L. R. Weih, L. Rezzolla, and J. Schaffner-Bielich, New constraints on radii and tidal deformabilities of neutron stars from GW170817, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 261103 (2018).
  15. K. Chatziioannou, C.-J. Haster, and A. Zimmerman, Measuring the neutron star tidal deformability with equation-of-state-independent relations and gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. D 97, 104036 (2018).
  16. S. De, D. Finstad, J. M. Lattimer, D. A. Brown, E. Berger, and C. M. Biwer, Tidal deformabilities and radii of neutron stars from the observation of GW170817, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 091102 (2018); 121, 259902(E) (2018).
  17. P. Landry and R. Essick, Nonparametric inference of the neutron star equation of state from gravitational wave observations, Phys. Rev. D 99, 084049 (2019).
  18. T. Narikawa, N. Uchikata, K. Kawaguchi, K. Kiuchi, K. Kyutoku, M. Shibata, and H. Tagoshi, Reanalysis of the binary neutron star mergers GW170817 and GW190425 using numerical-relativity calibrated waveform models, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043039 (2020).
  19. J. Steinhoff, T. Hinderer, A. Buonanno, and A. Taracchini, Dynamical tides in general relativity: Effective action and effective-one-body Hamiltonian, Phys. Rev. D 94, 104028 (2016).
  20. N. Andersson and P. Pnigouras, Exploring the effective tidal deformability of neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 101, 083001 (2020).
  21. N. Andersson and P. Pnigouras, The phenomenology of dynamical neutron star tides, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 503, 533 (2021).
  22. A. Hegade K. R., J. L. Ripley, and N. Yunes, Dynamical tidal response of nonrotating relativistic stars, Phys. Rev. D 109, 104064 (2024).
  23. T. Hinderer et al., Effects of neutron-star dynamic tides on gravitational waveforms within the effective-one-body approach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 181101 (2016).
  24. S. Ma, H. Yu, and Y. Chen, Excitation of f-modes during mergers of spinning binary neutron star, Phys. Rev. D 101, 123020 (2020).
  25. H.-J. Kuan and K. D. Kokkotas, f-mode imprints on gravitational waves from coalescing binaries involving aligned spinning neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 106, 064052 (2022).
  26. H.-J. Kuan and K. D. Kokkotas, Last three seconds: Packed message delivered by tides in binary neutron star mergers, Phys. Rev. D 108, 063026 (2023).
  27. T. Damour and A. Nagar, Effective one body description of tidal effects in inspiralling compact binaries, Phys. Rev. D 81, 084016 (2010).
  28. L. Baiotti, T. Damour, B. Giacomazzo, A. Nagar, and L. Rezzolla, Analytic modelling of tidal effects in the relativistic inspiral of binary neutron stars, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 261101 (2010).
  29. S. Bernuzzi, A. Nagar, T. Dietrich, and T. Damour, Modeling the dynamics of tidally interacting binary neutron stars up to the merger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 161103 (2015).
  30. S. Akcay, S. Bernuzzi, F. Messina, A. Nagar, N. Ortiz, and P. Rettegno, Effective-one-body multipolar waveform for tidally interacting binary neutron stars up to merger, Phys. Rev. D 99, 044051 (2019).
  31. N. Andersson and W. C. G. Ho, Using gravitational-wave data to constrain dynamical tides in neutron star binaries, Phys. Rev. D 97, 023016 (2018).
  32. G. Pratten, P. Schmidt, and N. Williams, Impact of dynamical tides on the reconstruction of the neutron star equation of state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 081102 (2022).
  33. N. Williams, G. Pratten, and P. Schmidt, Prospects for distinguishing dynamical tides in inspiralling binary neutron stars with third generation gravitational-wave detectors, Phys. Rev. D 105, 123032 (2022).
  34. E. Gaertig and K. D. Kokkotas, Oscillations of rapidly rotating relativistic stars, Phys. Rev. D 78, 064063 (2008).
  35. E. Gaertig and K. D. Kokkotas, Gravitational wave asteroseismology with fast rotating neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 83, 064031 (2011).
  36. A. Passamonti, N. Andersson, and P. Pnigouras, Dynamical tides in neutron stars: The impact of the crust, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 504, 1273 (2021).
  37. P. Pnigouras, F. Gittins, A. Nanda, N. Andersson, and D. I. Jones, Rotating Love: The dynamical tides of spinning Newtonian stars, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 527, 8409 (2024).
  38. A. Passamonti, N. Andersson, and P. Pnigouras, Dynamical tides in superfluid neutron stars, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 514, 1494 (2022).
  39. P. K. Gupta, J. Steinhoff, and T. Hinderer, Effect of dynamical gravitomagnetic tides on measurability of tidal parameters for binary neutron stars using gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. D 108, 124040 (2023).
  40. J. Vines, E. E. Flanagan, and T. Hinderer, Post-1-Newtonian tidal effects in the gravitational waveform from binary inspirals, Phys. Rev. D 83, 084051 (2011).
  41. T. Damour, A. Nagar, and L. Villain, Measurability of the tidal polarizability of neutron stars in late-inspiral gravitational-wave signals, Phys. Rev. D 85, 123007 (2012).
  42. K. R. Abhishek Hegade, J. L. Ripley, and N. Yunes, Dissipative tidal effects to next-to-leading order and constraints on the dissipative tidal deformability using gravitational wave data, Phys. Rev. D 110, 044041 (2024).
  43. M. K. Mandal, P. Mastrolia, H. O. Silva, R. Patil, and J. Steinhoff, Renormalizing Love: Tidal effects at the third post-Newtonian order, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2024) 188.
  44. H. Yu, N. N. Weinberg, P. Arras, J. Kwon, and T. Venumadhav, Beyond the linear tide: Impact of the non-linear tidal response of neutron stars on gravitational waveforms from binary inspirals, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 519, 4325 (2023).
  45. M. K. Mandal, P. Mastrolia, R. Patil, and J. Steinhoff, Gravitational spin-orbit Hamiltonian at NNNLO in the post-Newtonian framework, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2023) 130.
  46. M. K. Mandal, P. Mastrolia, R. Patil, and J. Steinhoff, Gravitational quadratic-in-spin Hamiltonian at NNNLO in the post-Newtonian framework, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2023) 128.
  47. H. Yu, P. Arras, and N. N. Weinberg, Dynamical tides during the inspiral of rapidly spinning neutron stars: Solutions beyond mode resonance, Phys. Rev. D 110, 024039 (2024).
  48. A. Nagar, F. Messina, P. Rettegno, D. Bini, T. Damour, A. Geralico, S. Akcay, and S. Bernuzzi, Nonlinear-in-spin effects in effective-one-body waveform models of spin-aligned, inspiralling, neutron star binaries, Phys. Rev. D 99, 044007 (2019).
  49. J. Steinhoff, T. Hinderer, T. Dietrich, and F. Foucart, Spin effects on neutron star fundamental-mode dynamical tides: Phenomenology and comparison to numerical simulations, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 033129 (2021).
  50. M. Shibata, K. Taniguchi, and K. Uryu, Merger of binary neutron stars with realistic equations of state in full general relativity, Phys. Rev. D 71, 084021 (2005).
  51. L. Baiotti, T. Damour, B. Giacomazzo, A. Nagar, and L. Rezzolla, Accurate numerical simulations of inspiralling binary neutron stars and their comparison with effective-one-body analytical models, Phys. Rev. D 84, 024017 (2011).
  52. S. Bernuzzi, A. Nagar, M. Thierfelder, and B. Brugmann, Tidal effects in binary neutron star coalescence, Phys. Rev. D 86, 044030 (2012).
  53. K. Hotokezaka, K. Kyutoku, and M. Shibata, Exploring tidal effects of coalescing binary neutron stars in numerical relativity, Phys. Rev. D 87, 044001 (2013).
  54. K. Hotokezaka, K. Kyutoku, H. Okawa, and M. Shibata, Exploring tidal effects of coalescing binary neutron stars in numerical relativity. II. Long-term simulations, Phys. Rev. D 91, 064060 (2015).
  55. K. Hotokezaka, K. Kyutoku, Y.-I. Sekiguchi, and M. Shibata, Measurability of the tidal deformability by gravitational waves from coalescing binary neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 93, 064082 (2016).
  56. T. Dietrich and T. Hinderer, Comprehensive comparison of numerical relativity and effective-one-body results to inform improvements in waveform models for binary neutron star systems, Phys. Rev. D 95, 124006 (2017).
  57. R. Gamba and S. Bernuzzi, Resonant tides in binary neutron star mergers: Analytical-numerical relativity study, Phys. Rev. D 107, 044014 (2023).
  58. A. Nagar et al., Time-domain effective-one-body gravitational waveforms for coalescing compact binaries with nonprecessing spins, tides and self-spin effects, Phys. Rev. D 98, 104052 (2018).
  59. R. Gamba et al., Analytically improved and numerical-relativity informed effective-one-body model for coalescing binary neutron stars, arXiv:2307.15125.
  60. P. Rettegno, F. Martinetti, A. Nagar, D. Bini, G. Riemenschneider, and T. Damour, Comparing effective one body Hamiltonians for spin-aligned coalescing binaries, Phys. Rev. D 101, 104027 (2020).
  61. M. Hannam, P. Schmidt, A. Bohé, L. Haegel, S. Husa, F. Ohme, G. Pratten, and M. Pürrer, Simple model of complete precessing black-hole-binary gravitational waveforms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 151101 (2014).
  62. G. Pratten et al., Computationally efficient models for the dominant and subdominant harmonic modes of precessing binary black holes, Phys. Rev. D 103, 104056 (2021).
  63. T. Dietrich, S. Bernuzzi, and W. Tichy, Closed-form tidal approximants for binary neutron star gravitational waveforms constructed from high-resolution numerical relativity simulations, Phys. Rev. D 96, 121501(R) (2017).
  64. K. Kawaguchi, K. Kiuchi, K. Kyutoku, Y. Sekiguchi, M. Shibata, and K. Taniguchi, Frequency-domain gravitational waveform models for inspiraling binary neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 97, 044044 (2018).
  65. P. Schmidt and T. Hinderer, Frequency domain model of f-mode dynamic tides in gravitational waveforms from compact binary inspirals, Phys. Rev. D 100, 021501(R) (2019).
  66. T. Dietrich, A. Samajdar, S. Khan, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, R. Dudi, and W. Tichy, Improving the NRTidal model for binary neutron star systems, Phys. Rev. D 100, 044003 (2019).
  67. A. Abac, T. Dietrich, A. Buonanno, J. Steinhoff, and M. Ujevic, New and robust gravitational-waveform model for high-mass-ratio binary neutron star systems with dynamical tidal effects, Phys. Rev. D 109, 024062 (2024).
  68. M. Colleoni, F. A. R. Vidal, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, T. Dietrich, M. Haney, and G. Pratten, IMRPhenomXP_NRTidalv2: An improved frequency-domain precessing binary neutron star waveform model, Phys. Rev. D 111, 064025 (2025).
  69. N. Williams, P. Schmidt, and G. Pratten, Phenomenological model of gravitational self-force enhanced tides in inspiralling binary neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 110, 104013 (2024).
  70. J. Shterenberg and Z. Zhou, Fisher forecast of finite-size effects with future gravitational wave detectors, Phys. Rev. D 111, 084068 (2025).
  71. D. D. Doneva, E. Gaertig, K. D. Kokkotas, and C. Krüger, Gravitational wave asteroseismology of fast rotating neutron stars with realistic equations of state, Phys. Rev. D 88, 044052 (2013).
  72. C. J. Krüger and K. D. Kokkotas, Fast rotating relativistic stars: Spectra and stability without approximation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 111106 (2020).
  73. C. J. Krüger and K. D. Kokkotas, Dynamics of fast rotating neutron stars: An approach in the Hilbert gauge, Phys. Rev. D 102, 064026 (2020).
  74. C. J. Krüger, K. D. Kokkotas, P. Manoharan, and S. H. Völkel, Fast rotating neutron stars: Oscillations and instabilities, Front. Astron. Space Sci. 8, 736918 (2021).
  75. S. Bernuzzi, T. Dietrich, W. Tichy, and B. Brügmann, Mergers of binary neutron stars with realistic spin, Phys. Rev. D 89, 104021 (2014).
  76. T. Dietrich, S. Bernuzzi, M. Ujevic, and W. Tichy, Gravitational waves and mass ejecta from binary neutron star mergers: Effect of the stars’ rotation, Phys. Rev. D 95, 044045 (2017).
  77. F. Foucart et al., Gravitational waveforms from spectral Einstein code simulations: Neutron star-neutron star and low-mass black hole-neutron star binaries, Phys. Rev. D 99, 044008 (2019).
  78. A. Tsokaros, M. Ruiz, V. Paschalidis, S. L. Shapiro, and K. Uryū, Effect of spin on the inspiral of binary neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 100, 024061 (2019).
  79. W. E. East, V. Paschalidis, F. Pretorius, and A. Tsokaros, Binary neutron star mergers: Effects of spin and post-merger dynamics, Phys. Rev. D 100, 124042 (2019).
  80. R. Dudi, T. Dietrich, A. Rashti, B. Brugmann, J. Steinhoff, and W. Tichy, High-accuracy simulations of highly spinning binary neutron star systems, Phys. Rev. D 105, 064050 (2022).
  81. T. Pitre and E. Poisson, General relativistic dynamical tides in binary inspirals without modes, Phys. Rev. D 109, 064004 (2024).
  82. J. P. Zahn, Forced oscillations in close binaries. The adiabatic approximation, Astron. Astrophys. 4, 452 (1970).
  83. J. P. Zahn, Tidal friction in close binary stars, Astron. Astrophys. 57, 383 (1977).
  84. S. R. Mohanty, U. Mali, H. C. Das, B. Kumar, and P. Landry, Astrophysical constraints on neutron star f-modes with a nonparametric equation of state representation, arXiv:2410.16689.
  85. D. Lai, Resonant oscillations and tidal heating in coalescing binary neutron stars, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 270, 611 (1994).
  86. M. Shibata, Effects of tidal resonances in coalescing compact binary systems, Prog. Theor. Phys. 91, 871 (1994).
  87. K. D. Kokkotas and G. Schaefer, Tidal and tidal resonant effects in coalescing binaries, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 275, 301 (1995).
  88. D. Lai, Dynamical tides in rotating binary stars, Astrophys. J. 490, 847 (1997).
  89. W. C. G. Ho and D. Lai, Resonant tidal excitations of rotating neutron stars in coalescing binaries, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 308, 153 (1999).
  90. G. Pratten, P. Schmidt, and T. Hinderer, Gravitational-wave asteroseismology with fundamental modes from compact binary inspirals, Nat. Commun. 11, 2553 (2020).
  91. T. Pitre and E. Poisson, Impact of nonlinearities on relativistic dynamical tides in compact binary inspirals, arXiv:2506.08722.
  92. K. J. Kwon, H. Yu, and T. Venumadhav, Resonance locking of anharmonic g-modes in coalescing neutron star binaries, arXiv:2410.03831.
  93. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Mechanics, 2nd ed. (Course of Theoretical Physics, Oxford; Pergamon Press, 1969).
  94. J. Fuller and D. Lai, Dynamical tides in eccentric binaries and tidally-excited stellar pulsations in KEPLER KOI-54, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 420, 3126 (2012).
  95. H. Yu and S. Y. Lau, Effective-one-body model for coalescing binary neutron stars: Incorporating tidal spin and enhanced radiation from dynamical tides, Phys. Rev. D 111, 084029 (2025).
  96. Alan Tsz-Lok Lam, M. Shibata, and K. Kiuchi, Numerical-relativity simulation for tidal disruption of white dwarfs by a supermassive black hole, Phys. Rev. D 107, 043033 (2023).
  97. M. Shibata, K. Uryu, and J. L. Friedman, Deriving formulations for numerical computation of binary neutron stars in quasicircular orbits, Phys. Rev. D 70, 044044 (2004); 70, 129901(E) (2004).
  98. W. Ogawaguchi and Y. Kojima, Evolution of close neutron star binaries, Prog. Theor. Phys. 96, 901 (1996).
  99. S. L. Detweiler and J. R. Ipser, A variational principle and a stability criterion for the non-radial modes of pulsation of stellar models in general relativity, Astrophys. J. 185, 685 (1973).
  100. J. L. Friedman and B. F. Schutz, On the stability of relativistic systems., Astrophys. J. 200, 204 (1975).
  101. T. Yamamoto, M. Shibata, and K. Taniguchi, Simulating coalescing compact binaries by a new code sacra, Phys. Rev. D 78, 064054 (2008).
  102. K. Kiuchi, K. Kawaguchi, K. Kyutoku, Y. Sekiguchi, M. Shibata, and K. Taniguchi, Sub-radian-accuracy gravitational waveforms of coalescing binary neutron stars in numerical relativity, Phys. Rev. D 96, 084060 (2017).
  103. K. Kiuchi, K. Kawaguchi, K. Kyutoku, Y. Sekiguchi, and M. Shibata, Sub-radian-accuracy gravitational waves from coalescing binary neutron stars in numerical relativity. II. Systematic study on the equation of state, binary mass, and mass ratio, Phys. Rev. D 101, 084006 (2020).
  104. T. W. Baumgarte and S. L. Shapiro, On the numerical integration of Einstein’s field equations, Phys. Rev. D 59, 024007 (1998).
  105. M. Shibata and T. Nakamura, Evolution of three-dimensional gravitational waves: Harmonic slicing case, Phys. Rev. D 52, 5428 (1995).
  106. M. Campanelli, C. O. Lousto, P. Marronetti, and Y. Zlochower, Accurate evolutions of orbiting black-hole binaries without excision, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 111101 (2006).
  107. J. G. Baker, J. Centrella, D.-I. Choi, M. Koppitz, and J. van Meter, Gravitational wave extraction from an inspiraling configuration of merging black holes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 111102 (2006).
  108. D. Hilditch, S. Bernuzzi, M. Thierfelder, Z. Cao, W. Tichy, and B. Brugmann, Compact binary evolutions with the Z4c formulation, Phys. Rev. D 88, 084057 (2013).
  109. K. Kiuchi, L. E. Held, Y. Sekiguchi, and M. Shibata, Implementation of advanced Riemann solvers in a neutrino-radiation magnetohydrodynamics code in numerical relativity and its application to a binary neutron star merger, Phys. Rev. D 106, 124041 (2022).
  110. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/j3zk-z17h for convergence test of numerical results, comparison between the results obtained from HLLC and Harten-Lax–Van Leer–Einfeldt Riemann solvers, and examination of resonance’s influence in rotation profile, which includes Refs. [111–125].
  111. H.-J. Kuan, I. Markin, M. Ujevic, T. Dietrich, K. Kiuchi, M. Shibata, and W. Tichy, The error budget of binary neutron star merger simulations for configurations with high spin, arXiv:2506.02115.
  112. P. Colella and P. R. Woodward, The Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) for gas dynamical simulations, J. Comput. Phys. 54, 174 (1984).
  113. M. Shibata and Y.-I. Sekiguchi, Magnetohydrodynamics in full general relativity: Formulation and tests, Phys. Rev. D 72, 044014 (2005).
  114. B. Einfeldt, On Godunov-Type methods for gas dynamics, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 25, 294 (1988).
  115. Alan Tsz-Lok Lam and M. Shibata, New axisymmetric general relativistic hydrodynamics code with fixed mesh refinement, Phys. Rev. D 111, 103039 (2025).
  116. A. Mignone and G. Bodo, An HLLC solver for relativistic flows, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 364, 126 (2005).
  117. C. J. White, J. M. Stone, and C. F. Gammie, An extension of the athena ++ code framework for grmhd based on advanced Riemann solvers and staggered-mesh constrained transport, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 225, 22 (2016).
  118. P. Grandclement, Kadath: A spectral solver for theoretical physics, J. Comput. Phys. 229, 3334 (2010).
  119. L. J. Papenfort, S. D. Tootle, P. Grandclément, E. R. Most, and L. Rezzolla, New public code for initial data of unequal-mass, spinning compact-object binaries, Phys. Rev. D 104, 024057 (2021).
  120. A. Buonanno, L. E. Kidder, A. H. Mroue, H. P. Pfeiffer, and A. Taracchini, Reducing orbital eccentricity of precessing black-hole binaries, Phys. Rev. D 83, 104034 (2011).
  121. J. S. Read, B. D. Lackey, B. J. Owen, and J. L. Friedman, Constraints on a phenomenologically parameterized neutron-star equation of state, Phys. Rev. D 79, 124032 (2009).
  122. L. Bildsten and C. Cutler, Tidal interactions of inspiraling compact binaries, Astrophys. J. 400, 175 (1992).
  123. C. Reisswig and D. Pollney, Notes on the integration of numerical relativity waveforms, Classical Quantum Gravity 28, 195015 (2011).
  124. L. Santamaria et al., Matching post-Newtonian and numerical relativity waveforms: Systematic errors and a new phenomenological model for non-precessing black hole binaries, Phys. Rev. D 82, 064016 (2010).
  125. J. C. Calderon, I. C. F. Wong, N. Sanchis-Gual, S. H. W. Leong, A. Torres-Forne, K. Chandra, J. A. Font, C. Herdeiro, E. Radu, and T. G. F. Li, Gravitational-wave parameter inference with the Newman-Penrose scalar, Phys. Rev. X 13, 041048 (2023).
  126. T. Damour, A. Nagar, and S. Bernuzzi, Improved effective-one-body description of coalescing nonspinning black-hole binaries and its numerical-relativity completion, Phys. Rev. D 87, 084035 (2013).
  127. A. H. Mroue et al., Catalog of 174 binary black hole simulations for gravitational wave astronomy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 241104 (2013).
  128. M. Boyle et al., The SXS Collaboration catalog of binary black hole simulations, Classical Quantum Gravity 36, 195006 (2019).

  129. Although the EOB models TEOBResumS and SEOBNRv*T incorporate the tidal resonance effects to some extent, reproducing the NR results presented here is beyond their current capability. This limitation arises because they have not been informed by NR waveforms in which the resonance occurs well before the merger phase.

  130. R. Gold, S. Bernuzzi, M. Thierfelder, B. Brugmann, and F. Pretorius, Eccentric binary neutron star mergers, Phys. Rev. D 86, 121501(R) (2012).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 141403– Published 1 October, 2025
  • Received 25 November 2024
  • Revised 11 June 2025
  • Accepted 16 September 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation