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    Probing Electric-Dipole-Enabled Transitions in the Excited State of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond

    Tom Delord1,*, Richard Monge1,*, Gabriel I. López-Morales1,2, Olaf Bach1, Cyrus E. Dreyer3,2, Johannes Flick1,4,3, and Carlos A. Meriles1,4,†

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: cmeriles@ccny.cuny.edu

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 226401 – Published 25 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hp9c-rh23

    Abstract

    The excited orbitals of color centers often show strong electric dipoles, which can serve as a resource for entanglement, emission tuning, or electric field sensing. Here, we use resonant laser excitation to examine the electric transitions in the excited state (ES) orbitals of the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy center in diamond. By applying microwave electric fields, we perform Rabi driving between ES orbitals, and show that the dressed states can be tuned in frequency and are protected against fluctuations of the transverse electric field. In contrast with previous results, we observe sharp microwave resonances between magnetic states of the ES orbitals, and find that they are broadened due to simultaneous electric dipole driving.

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