The dynamics of quantum correlations are central to understanding many physical properties of quantum systems. Here we experimentally study the correlation dynamics via two-particle quantum walks in superconducting Bose-Hubbard qutrit arrays, with tunable on-site interaction $U$ realized by Floquet engineering. Quantum walks show the characteristic change from bosonic bunching to fermionic antibunching with increasing $U$. The two-site entanglement and quantum correlation dynamics, as measured by negativity and quantum discord, are investigated. We find that, depending on the initial state, the propagation of entanglement can be strongly suppressed with increasing $U$, while that of quantum discord exhibits considerably larger amplitude, or both appear insensitive to $U$. Furthermore, the forms of entanglement are found to persist throughout particle walks for $U=0$, and it is generally not the case when $U$ increases. Our Letter highlights the role of interaction in shaping quantum dynamics and extends the realm of simulating correlated quantum systems with superconducting circuits.

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• Quantum algorithms & computation
• Quantum circuits
• Quantum coherence & coherence measures
• Quantum control
• Quantum correlations in quantum information
• Quantum correlations, foundations & formalism
• Quantum measurements
• Quantum simulation