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Universal Relations between Thermoelectrics and Noise in Mesoscopic Transport across a Tunnel Junction

Andrei I. Pavlov1,* and Mikhail N. Kiselev2

  • *Contact author: andrei.pavlov@kit.edu
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 046301 – Published 26 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/h5ty-45rf

Abstract

We develop a unified theory of weakly probed differential observables for currents and noise in transport experiments. Our findings uncover a set of universal transport relations between thermoelectric and noise properties of a system probed through a tunnel contact, with the Wiedemann-Franz law being just one example of such universality between charge and heat currents. We apply this theory to various quantum systems, including multichannel Kondo, quantum Hall and Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev quantum dots, resonant impurity, and two-stage Kondo models and demonstrate that each of the microscopic theories is characterized by a set of universal relations connecting conductance and thermoelectrics with noise. Violations of these relations indicate additional energy scales emerging in a system.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 046301– Published 26 January, 2026
  • Received 25 August 2025
  • Accepted 5 January 2026
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